Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process, degrading unnecessary or damaged components in the eukaryotic cell to maintain cellular homeostasis, but it is also an intrinsic cellular defence mechanism to remove invading pathogens. A crosstalk between autophagy and innate or adaptive immune responses has been recently reported, whereby autophagy influences both, innate and adaptive immunity like the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines or MHC class II antigen presentation to T cells. Pathogenic bacteria have evolved diverse strategies to manipulate autophagy, mechanisms that also impact host immune responses at different levels. Here we discuss the influence of autophagy on self-autonomous, innate and adaptive immunity and then focus on how bacterial mechanisms that shape autophagy may impact the host immune system.

中文翻译：

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细菌病原体对自噬的操纵会影响宿主免疫。

自噬是一种高度保守的分解代谢过程，降解真核细胞中不必要或受损的成分以维持细胞稳态，但它也是一种内在的细胞防御机制，可去除入侵的病原体。最近报道了自噬与先天或适应性免疫反应之间的串扰，其中自噬影响先天性和适应性免疫，如促炎细胞因子的产生和分泌或向 T 细胞呈递 MHC II 类抗原。病原菌已经进化出多种策略来操纵自噬，这些机制也影响不同水平的宿主免疫反应。在这里，我们讨论了自噬对自主免疫、先天免疫和适应性免疫的影响，然后关注形成自噬的细菌机制如何影响宿主免疫系统。