Lactococcus lactis is a major microbe. This lactic acid bacterium (LAB) is used worldwide in the production of safe, healthy, tasteful and nutritious milk fermentation products. Its huge industrial importance has led to an explosion of research on the organism, particularly since the early 1970s. The upsurge in the research on L. lactis coincided not accidentally with the advent of recombinant DNA technology in these years. The development of methods to take out and re-introduce DNA in L. lactis, to clone genes and to mutate the chromosome in a targeted way, to control (over)expression of proteins and, ultimately, the availability of the nucleotide sequence of its genome and the use of that information in transcriptomics and proteomics research have enabled to peek deep into the functioning of the organism. Among many other things, this has provided an unprecedented view of the major gene regulatory pathways involved in nitrogen and carbon metabolism and their overlap, and has led to the blossoming of the field of L. lactis systems biology. All of these advances have made L. lactis the paradigm of the LAB. This review will deal with the exciting path along which the research on the genetics of and gene regulation in L. lactis has trodden.

中文翻译：

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乳酸乳球菌基因调控研究的进展。

乳酸乳球菌是主要的微生物。这种乳酸菌（LAB）在世界范围内用于生产安全，健康，美味和营养丰富的牛奶发酵产品。自1970年代初以来，其巨大的工业重要性导致对该生物的研究激增。近年来，乳酸乳球菌研究的兴起与重组DNA技术的出现并非偶然。开发出一种方法，以有针对性的方式提取和重新引入乳酸乳球菌中的DNA，克隆基因并突变染色体，以控制（过度）表达蛋白质，并最终获得其核苷酸序列的可用性基因组以及在转录组学和蛋白质组学研究中使用该信息使我们能够深入了解生物体的功能。除其他外，这为涉及氮和碳代谢及其重叠的主要基因调控途径提供了前所未有的见解，并导致乳酸乳杆菌系统生物学领域的蓬勃发展。所有这些进步使乳酸乳球菌成为了LAB的范例。这篇综述将探讨乳酸乳球菌的遗传学和基因调控研究的令人振奋的道路。