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RAF1 variants causing biventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in two preterm infants: further phenotypic delineation and review of literature.
Clinical Dysmorphology ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-8-5 , DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000194
Danielle Thompson 1 , Jessica Patrick-Esteve , Jeffrey W Surcouf , Dana Rivera , Bianca Castellanos , Pooja Desai , Christian Lilje , Yves Lacassie , Michael Marble , Regina Zambrano
Affiliation  

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, short neck, short stature, congenital heart defects, pectus deformities, and variable developmental delays. NS is genetically heterogeneous as pathogenic variants in several genes involved in the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway have been associated with a NS phenotype. Overall, 50% of patients harbor pathogenic variants in PTPN11, whereas 3-17% of patients have variants in RAF1. We present two premature neonates with progressive biventricular hypertrophy found to have RAF1 variants in the CR2 domain. Molecular testing in patient 1 revealed a missense variant of a highly conserved residue c.782 C>G (p.P261R). This variant has been reported once with fatal outcome. Patient 2 also had a missense variant in a highly conserved neighboring residue c.770 C>T (p.S257L). This variant has been previously reported, most recently associated with the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Both our patients had prenatal findings of polyhydramnios, short long bones, hydrops fetalis, and cardiac anomalies with progressive biventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Both patients had a lethal outcome. Our findings further support the pathogenicity and lethality of p.P261R, and the need to monitor for pulmonary arterial hypertension in p.S257L. In addition, the second patient was presented with progressive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis. This could be related to the NS phenotype. More cases with this association are needed to confirm this finding.

中文翻译:

在两个早产儿中引起双室肥厚型心肌病的RAF1变体:进一步的表型划分和文献复习。

Noonan综合征(NS)是一种常染色体显性遗传疾病,其特征是独特的面部特征,短脖子,矮小身材,先天性心脏缺陷,眼睑畸形和可变的发育延迟。NS具有遗传异质性,因为与Ras /促分裂原激活的蛋白激酶途径有关的几个基因中的致病变异与NS表型有关。总体而言,50%的患者在PTPN11中具有致病性变异,而3-17%的患者在RAF1中具有变异。我们目前发现有进行性双室肥大的两个早产儿在CR2域中有RAF1变异。对患者1进行的分子测试显示,高度保守的残基c.782 C> G(p.P261R)的错义变异。曾有报道称这种变异具有致命的后果。患者2在高度保守的邻近残基c.770 C> T(p.S257L)中也有一个错义变异。先前已经报道了这种变体,最近与肺动脉高压的发展有关。我们两个患者的产前检查均发现羊水过少,短长骨,胎儿积水和进行性双室肥厚型心肌病的心脏异常。两名患者均具有致命的结局。我们的发现进一步支持了p.P261R的致病性和致死性,并需要监测p.S257L中的肺动脉高压。此外,第二名患者因导水管狭窄而出现进行性脑积水。这可能与NS表型有关。需要更多与此关联的案例来确认此发现。先前已经报道了这种变体,最近与肺动脉高压的发展有关。我们两个患者的产前检查均发现羊水过少,短长骨,胎儿积水和进行性双室肥厚型心肌病的心脏异常。两名患者均具有致命的结局。我们的发现进一步支持了p.P261R的致病性和致死性,并需要监测p.S257L中的肺动脉高压。此外,第二名患者因导水管狭窄而出现进行性脑积水。这可能与NS表型有关。需要更多与这种关联的案例来确认这一发现。先前已经报道了这种变体,最近与肺动脉高压的发展有关。我们两个患者的产前检查均发现羊水过少,短长骨,胎儿积水和进行性双室肥厚型心肌病的心脏异常。两名患者均具有致命的结局。我们的发现进一步支持了p.P261R的致病性和致死性,并需要监测p.S257L中的肺动脉高压。此外,第二名患者因导水管狭窄而出现进行性脑积水。这可能与NS表型有关。需要更多与此关联的案例来确认此发现。短长骨,胎儿积液和进行性双室肥厚型心肌病的心脏异常。两名患者均具有致命的结局。我们的发现进一步支持了p.P261R的致病性和致死性,并需要监测p.S257L中的肺动脉高压。此外,第二名患者因导水管狭窄而出现进行性脑积水。这可能与NS表型有关。需要更多与这种关联的案例来确认这一发现。短长骨,胎儿积液和进行性双室肥厚型心肌病的心脏异常。两名患者均具有致命的结局。我们的发现进一步支持了p.P261R的致病性和致死性,并需要监测p.S257L中的肺动脉高压。此外,第二名患者因导水管狭窄而出现进行性脑积水。这可能与NS表型有关。需要更多与此关联的案例来确认此发现。第二例因水管狭窄而出现进行性脑积水。这可能与NS表型有关。需要更多与这种关联的案例来确认这一发现。第二例因水管狭窄而出现进行性脑积水。这可能与NS表型有关。需要更多与这种关联的案例来确认这一发现。
更新日期:2020-12-17
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