Infection of phyllosphere (stems, leaves, husks, and grains) by pathogenic fungi reduces the wheat yield and grain quality. Detection of the main wheat pathogenic fungi provides information about species composition and allows effective and targeted plant treatment. Since conventional procedures for the detection of these organisms are unreliable and time consuming, diagnostic DNA-based methods are required. Nucleic acid amplification technologies are independent of the morphological and biochemical characteristics of fungi. Microorganisms do not need to be cultured. Therefore, a number of PCR-based methodologies have been developed for the identification of key pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium spp., Puccinia spp., Zymoseptoria tritici, Parastagonospora nodorum, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. This article reviews frequently used DNA regions for fungus identification and discusses already known PCR assays for detection of the aforementioned wheat pathogens. We demonstrate that PCR-based wheat pathogen identification assays require further research. In particular, the number of diagnostic tests for Fusarium graminearum, Puccinia spp., and P. tritici-repentis are insufficient.

中文翻译：

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常规PCR检测小麦精选植物病原体的综述。

病原性真菌对叶圈（茎，叶，果壳和谷物）的感染会降低小麦的产量和谷物品质。小麦主要病原真菌的检测可提供有关物种组成的信息，并可以进行有效而有针对性的植物处理。由于检测这些生物的常规方法不可靠且耗时，因此需要基于DNA的诊断方法。核酸扩增技术与真菌的形态和生化特性无关。不需要培养微生物。因此，已经开发了许多基于PCR的方法来鉴定关键病原真菌，例如镰刀菌属，普希尼亚属，小麦枯萎病菌，无孢子虫属，重生真菌。sp。小麦和小麦支原体。本文回顾了用于真菌鉴定的常用DNA区域，并讨论了用于检测上述小麦病原体的已知PCR检测方法。我们证明基于PCR的小麦病原体鉴定测定需要进一步的研究。特别地，对禾谷镰刀菌（Pusarium graminearum），Puccinia spp。和P.tritici-repentis的诊断测试数量不足。