Practice of a motor skill results in improved performance and decreased movement awareness. The psychomotor efficiency hypothesis proposes that the development of motor expertise through practice is accompanied by physiological refinements whereby irrelevant processes are suppressed and relevant processes are enhanced. The present study employed a test–retest design to evaluate the presence of greater neurophysiological efficiency with practice and mediation analyses to identify the factors accounting for performance improvements, in a golf putting task. Putting performance, movement-specific conscious processing, electroencephalographic alpha power and alpha connectivity were measured from 12 right-handed recreational golfers (age: M = 21 years; handicap: M = 23) before and after 3 practice sessions. As expected, performance improved and conscious processing decreased with training. Mediation analyses revealed that improvements in performance were partly attributable to increased regional gating of alpha power and reduced cross-regional alpha connectivity. However, changes in conscious processing were not associated with performance improvements. Increased efficiency was manifested at the neurophysiological level as selective inhibition and functional isolation of task-irrelevant cortical regions (temporal regions) and concomitant functional activation of task-relevant regions (central regions). These findings provide preliminary evidence for the development of greater psychomotor efficiency with practice in a precision aiming task.

中文翻译：

---

熟能生巧：皮质阿尔法振荡与提高高尔夫推杆性能有关。

运动技能的练习会提高性能并降低运动意识。心理运动效率假说提出，通过实践发展运动专业知识伴随着生理上的改进，从而抑制了不相关的过程，增强了相关的过程。本研究采用测试-再测试设计，通过练习和中介分析来评估更高的神经生理学效率，以确定在高尔夫推杆任务中提高成绩的因素。在 3 次练习之前和之后测量了 12 名右撇子休闲高尔夫球手（年龄：M = 21 岁；差点：M = 23）的推杆性能、运动特定的意识处理、脑电图 alpha 功率和 alpha 连通性。正如预期的那样，随着训练，性能提高，意识处理降低。中介分析显示，性能的提高部分归因于 alpha 功率区域门控的增加和跨区域 alpha 连接性的降低。然而，意识处理的变化与性能改进无关。在神经生理学水平上，效率的提高表现为与任务无关的皮层区域（颞区）的选择性抑制和功能隔离以及任务相关区域（中央区域）的伴随功能激活。这些发现为在精确瞄准任务中通过实践提高精神运动效率提供了初步证据。中介分析显示，性能的提高部分归因于 alpha 功率的区域门控增加和跨区域 alpha 连接性降低。然而，意识处理的变化与性能改进无关。在神经生理学水平上，效率的提高表现为与任务无关的皮层区域（颞区）的选择性抑制和功能隔离以及任务相关区域（中央区域）的伴随功能激活。这些发现为在精确瞄准任务中通过实践提高精神运动效率提供了初步证据。中介分析显示，性能的提高部分归因于 alpha 功率区域门控的增加和跨区域 alpha 连接性的降低。然而，意识处理的变化与性能改进无关。在神经生理学水平上，效率的提高表现为与任务无关的皮层区域（颞区）的选择性抑制和功能隔离以及任务相关区域（中央区域）的伴随功能激活。这些发现为在精确瞄准任务中通过实践提高精神运动效率提供了初步证据。在神经生理学水平上，效率的提高表现为与任务无关的皮层区域（颞区）的选择性抑制和功能隔离以及任务相关区域（中央区域）的伴随功能激活。这些发现为在精确瞄准任务中通过实践提高精神运动效率提供了初步证据。在神经生理学水平上，效率的提高表现为与任务无关的皮层区域（颞区）的选择性抑制和功能隔离以及任务相关区域（中央区域）的伴随功能激活。这些发现为在精确瞄准任务中通过实践提高精神运动效率提供了初步证据。