There are three primary aspects to the economics of additive manufacturing: measuring the value of goods produced, measuring the costs and benefits of using the technology, and estimating the adoption and diffusion of the technology. This paper provides an updated estimate of the value of goods produced. It then reviews the literature on additive manufacturing costs and identifies those instances in the literature where this technology is cost effective. The paper then goes on to propose an approach for examining and understanding the societal costs and benefits of this technology both from a monetary viewpoint and a resource consumption viewpoint. The final section discusses the trends in the adoption of additive manufacturing. Globally, there is an estimated $667 million in value added produced using additive manufacturing, which equates to 0.01 % of total global manufacturing value added. US value added is estimated as $241 million. Current research on additive manufacturing costs reveals that it is cost effective for manufacturing small batches with continued centralized production; however, with increased automation distributed production may become cost effective. Due to the complexities of measuring additive manufacturing costs and data limitations, current studies are limited in their scope. Many of the current studies examine the production of single parts and those that examine assemblies tend not to examine supply chain effects such as inventory and transportation costs along with decreased risk to supply disruption. The additive manufacturing system and the material costs constitute a significant portion of an additive manufactured product; however, these costs are declining over time. The current trends in costs and benefits have resulted in this technology representing 0.02 % of the relevant manufacturing industries in the US; however, as the costs of additive manufacturing systems decrease, this technology may become widely adopted and change the supplier, manufacturer, and consumer interactions. An examination in the adoption of additive manufacturing reveals that for this technology to exceed $4.4 billion in 2020, $16.0 billion in 2025, and $196.8 billion in 2035 it would need to deviate from its current trends of adoption.

中文翻译：

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增材制造的成本，收益和采用：供应链的角度。

增材制造经济学的三个主要方面：衡量生产的产品的价值，衡量使用该技术的成本和收益以及估计该技术的采用和普及。本文提供了所生产商品价值的最新估计。然后，它回顾了有关增材制造成本的文献，并确定了该技术具有成本效益的文献实例。然后，论文继续提出了一种从货币角度和资源消耗角度来检查和理解该技术的社会成本和收益的方法。最后一部分讨论了增材制造的采用趋势。在全球范围内，使用增材制造的附加值估计为6.67亿美元，等于0。占全球制造业总增加值的01％。美国的增加值估计为2.41亿美元。当前对增材制造成本的研究表明，在持续集中生产的情况下，小批量生产具有成本效益。但是，随着自动化程度的提高，分布式生产可能变得具有成本效益。由于测量增材制造成本的复杂性和数据限制，目前的研究范围有限。当前的许多研究都在检查单个零件的生产，而那些检查装配的研究则倾向于不检查供应链的影响，例如库存和运输成本以及供应中断的风险降低。增材制造系统和材料成本构成了增材制造产品的重要部分。然而，这些成本随着时间的推移而下降。目前成本和收益趋势表明，该技术占美国相关制造业的0.02％；但是，随着增材制造系统成本的降低，该技术可能会被广泛采用并改变供应商，制造商和消费者之间的互动。一项对增材制造技术采用情况的调查显示，要使该技术在2020年超过44亿美元，在2025年达到160亿美元，在2035年达到1968亿美元，就需要偏离其当前的采用趋势。该技术可能会被广泛采用并改变供应商，制造商和消费者之间的互动。一项对增材制造技术采用情况的调查显示，要使该技术在2020年超过44亿美元，在2025年达到160亿美元，在2035年达到1968亿美元，就需要偏离其当前的采用趋势。该技术可能会被广泛采用并改变供应商，制造商和消费者之间的互动。一项对增材制造技术采用情况的调查显示，要使该技术在2020年超过44亿美元，在2025年达到160亿美元，在2035年达到1968亿美元，就需要偏离其当前的采用趋势。