Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that frequently results in irreversible blindness. Glaucoma causes death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons in the optic nerve, resulting in visual field deficits and eventual loss of visual acuity. Glaucoma is a complex optic neuropathy, and a successful strategy for its treatment requires not only better management of known risk factors such as elevated intraocular pressure and the development of improved tools for detecting RGC injury but also treatments that address this injury (i.e., neuroprotection). Experimental models of glaucoma provide insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and aid the development of neuroprotective therapies.

中文翻译：

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青光眼的神经保护作用：动物模型和临床试验。

青光眼是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，经常导致不可逆的失明。青光眼会导致视神经中视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）及其轴突死亡，从而导致视野缺损并最终导致视力丧失。青光眼是一种复杂的视神经病变，其成功的治疗策略不仅需要更好地管理已知的危险因素（例如眼压升高），还需要开发出改进的工具来检测RGC损伤，还需要针对这种损伤的治疗（即神经保护） 。青光眼的实验模型提供了对青光眼视神经病变的细胞和分子机制的了解，并有助于神经保护疗法的发展。