Soda lakes and pans represent saline ecosystems with unique chemical composition, occurring on all continents. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterise the main environmental gradients and trophic state that prevail in the soda pans (n=84) of the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe. Underwater light conditions, dissolved organic matter, phosphorus and chlorophyll a were investigated in 84 pans during 2009-2010. Besides, water temperature was measured hourly with an automatic sensor throughout one year in a selected pan. The pans were very shallow (median depth: 15 cm), and their extremely high turbidity (Secchi depth median: 3 cm, min: 0.5 cm) was caused by high concentrations of inorganic suspended solids (median: 0.4 g L-1, max: 16 g L-1), which was the dominant (>50%) contributing factor to the vertical attenuation coefficient in 67 pans (80%). All pans were polyhumic (median DOC: 47 mg L-1), and total phosphorus concentration was also extremely high (median: 2 mg L-1, max: 32 mg L-1). The daily water temperature maximum (44 °C) and fluctuation maximum (28 °C) were extremely high during summertime. The combination of environmental boundaries: shallowness, daily water temperature fluctuation, intermittent hydroperiod, high turbidity, polyhumic organic carbon concentration, high alkalinity and hypertrophy represent a unique extreme aquatic ecosystem.

中文翻译：

---

喀尔巴阡盆地（中欧）间歇性汽水锅的多种极端环境条件

苏打湖和汽水盘代表着具有独特化学成分的盐碱生态系统，遍布各大洲。本研究的目的是确定和表征中欧喀尔巴阡盆地苏打水盘 (n=84) 中普遍存在的主要环境梯度和营养状态。2009-2010年间，对84个平底锅进行了水下光照条件、溶解有机物、磷和叶绿素a的研究。此外，在选定的平底锅中，全年使用自动传感器每小时测量一次水温。盘子很浅（中位深度：15 cm），其极高的浊度（Secchi 中位深度：3 cm，最小值：0.5 cm）是由高浓度的无机悬浮固体（中位值：0.4 g L-1，最大值）引起的: 16 g L-1), 占主导地位 (> 50%) 对 67 个平底锅 (80%) 中垂直衰减系数的影响。所有平底锅都是多腐殖质（中位 DOC：47 mg L-1），总磷浓度也非常高（中位：2 mg L-1，最大值：32 mg L-1）。夏季的日水温最大值（44°C）和波动最大值（28°C）极高。环境边界的组合：浅层、每日水温波动、间歇性水期、高浊度、多腐殖有机碳浓度、高碱度和肥大，代表了独特的极端水生生态系统。夏季的日水温最大值（44°C）和波动最大值（28°C）极高。环境边界的组合：浅层、每日水温波动、间歇性水期、高浊度、多腐殖有机碳浓度、高碱度和肥大，代表了独特的极端水生生态系统。夏季的日水温最大值（44°C）和波动最大值（28°C）极高。环境边界的组合：浅层、每日水温波动、间歇性水期、高浊度、多腐殖有机碳浓度、高碱度和肥大，代表了独特的极端水生生态系统。