Pomegranate seed oil was extracted in a closed-vessel high-pressure microwave system. The characteristics of the obtained oil, such as fatty acid composition, free fatty acidity, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and colour, were compared to those of the oil obtained by cold solvent extraction. Response surface methodology was applied to optimise extraction conditions: power (176-300 W), time (5-20 min), particle size (d=0.125-0.800 mm) and solvent to sample ratio (2:1, 6:1 and 10:1, by mass). The predicted highest extraction yield (35.19%) was obtained using microwave power of 220 W, particle size in the range of d=0.125-0.450 mm and solvent-to-sample ratio of 10:1 (by mass) in 5 min extraction time. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) resulted in higher extraction yield than that of Soxhlet (34.70% in 8 h) or cold (17.50% in 8 h) extraction. The dominant fatty acid of pomegranate seed oil was punicic acid (86%) irrespective of the extraction method. Oil obtained by MASE had better physicochemical properties, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity than the oil obtained by cold solvent extraction.

中文翻译：

---

微波辅助提取石榴籽油的理化性质和生物活性评价

石榴籽油在密闭高压微波系统中提取。将所得油的特征，例如脂肪酸组成，游离脂肪酸，总酚含量，抗氧化剂活性和颜色与通过冷溶剂萃取获得的油的特征进行比较。应用响应面方法优化了萃取条件：功率（176-300 W），时间（5-20​​分钟），粒径（d = 0.125-0.800 mm）和溶剂与样品的比例（2：1、6：1和10：1，按质量计）。使用220 W的微波功率，在d范围内的粒径可获得预计的最高提取率（35.19％）萃取时间为5分钟时= 0.125-0.450 mm，溶剂与样品的比例为10：1（质量比）。微波辅助溶剂提取（MASE）的提取率高于索氏提取（8 h占34.70％）或冷提取（8 h占17.50％）的提取率。不论提取方法如何，石榴籽油的主要脂肪酸为石榴酸（86％）。MASE制得的油比冷溶剂萃取制得的油具有更好的理化性质，总酚含量和抗氧化活性。