We present an extension of the actor model with real-time, including deadlines associated with messages, and explicit application-level scheduling policies, e.g.,“earliest deadline first” which can be associated with individual actors. Schedulability analysis in this setting amounts to checking whether, given a scheduling policy for each actor, every task is processed within its designated deadline. To check schedulability, we introduce a compositional automata-theoretic approach, based on maximal use of model checking combined with testing. Behavioral interfaces define what an actor expects from the environment, and the deadlines for messages given these assumptions. We use model checking to verify that actors match their behavioral interfaces. We extend timed automata refinement with the notion of deadlines and use it to define compatibility of actor environments with the behavioral interfaces. Model checking of compatibility is computationally hard, so we propose a special testing process. We show that the analyses are decidable and automate the process using the Uppaal model checker.

中文翻译：

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基于actor的实时系统的组合可调度性分析

我们提供了实时参与者模型的扩展，包括与消息相关的截止日期，以及明确的应用程序级调度策略，例如“最早截止日期优先”，它可以与单个参与者相关联。此设置中的可调度性分析相当于检查在给定每个参与者的调度策略的情况下，是否每个任务都在其指定的期限内得到处理。为了检查可调度性，我们引入了一种组合自动机理论方法，该方法基于最大程度地使用模型检查与测试相结合。行为接口定义了参与者对环境的期望，以及给定这些假设的消息的截止日期。我们使用模型检查来验证参与者是否匹配他们的行为接口。我们使用期限的概念扩展了定时自动机的细化，并使用它来定义 actor 环境与行为接口的兼容性。兼容性的模型检查在计算上很困难，因此我们提出了一个特殊的测试过程。我们表明分析是可判定的，并使用 Uppaal 模型检查器使过程自动化。