With the increase in regulations regarding the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the rise in consumer demand for poultry products from ‘Raised Without Antibiotics’ or ‘No Antibiotics Ever’ flocks, the quest for alternative products or approaches has intensified in recent years. A great deal of research has focused on the development of antibiotic alternatives to maintain or improve poultry health and performance. This review describes the potential for the various alternatives available to increase animal productivity and help poultry perform to their genetic potential under existing commercial conditions. The classes of alternatives described include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, antimicrobial peptides, hyperimmune egg antibodies, bacteriophages, clay, and metals. A brief description of the mechanism of action, efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages of their uses are also presented. Though the beneficial effects of many of the alternatives developed have been well demonstrated, the general consensus is that these products lack consistency and the results vary greatly from farm to farm. Furthermore, their mode of action needs to be better defined. Optimal combinations of various alternatives coupled with good management and husbandry practices will be the key to maximize performance and maintain animal productivity, while we move forward with the ultimate goal of reducing antibiotic use in the animal industry.

中文翻译：

---

最大化家禽生长性能和饲料效率的抗生素替代品：综述

随着有关使用抗生素生长促进剂的法规的增加以及消费者对“未使用抗生素饲养”或“从未使用抗生素”鸡群的家禽产品需求的增加，近年来对替代产品或方法的探索愈演愈烈。大量研究都集中在抗生素替代品的开发上，以维持或改善家禽的健康和性能。本综述描述了在现有商业条件下提高动物生产力和帮助家禽发挥其遗传潜力的各种替代品的潜力。所描述的替代品类别包括益生菌、益生元、合生元、有机酸、酶、植物源、抗菌肽、超免疫卵抗体、噬菌体、粘土和金属。还简要介绍了它们的作用机制、功效以及它们的使用的优缺点。尽管已开发的许多替代品的有益效果已得到充分证明，但普遍的共识是这些产品缺乏一致性，并且结果因农场而异。此外，他们的行动方式需要得到更好的界定。各种替代方案的最佳组合加上良好的管理和饲养实践将是最大化性能和保持动物生产力的关键，同时我们朝着减少动物行业抗生素使用的最终目标前进。普遍的共识是，这些产品缺乏一致性，结果因农场而异。此外，他们的行动方式需要得到更好的界定。各种替代方案的最佳组合加上良好的管理和饲养实践将是最大化性能和保持动物生产力的关键，同时我们朝着减少动物行业抗生素使用的最终目标前进。普遍的共识是，这些产品缺乏一致性，结果因农场而异。此外，他们的行动方式需要得到更好的界定。各种替代方案的最佳组合加上良好的管理和饲养实践将是最大化性能和保持动物生产力的关键，同时我们朝着减少动物行业抗生素使用的最终目标前进。