BACKGROUND Sex has been considered as a potential factor regulating individual behaviors in different contexts. Recently, findings on sex differences in the neuroendocrine circuit have expanded due to exact measurements and control of neuronal activity, while findings on sex differences in behavioral phenotypes are limited. One efficient way to determine the miscellaneous aspects of a sexually different behavior is to segment it into a set of simpler responses induced by discrete scenes. METHODS In the present study, we conducted a battery of behavioral tests within a variety of unique risky scenes, to determine where and how sex differences arise in responses under those scenes. RESULTS A significant sex difference was observed in the avoidance responses measured in the two-way active and the passive avoidance tests. The phenotype observed was higher mobility in male mice and reduced mobility in female mice, and required associative learning between an escapable risk and its predictive cue. This was limited in other scenes where escapable risk or predictive cue or both were missing. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present study found that the primary sex difference occurs in mobility in the avoidance response after perceiving escapable risks.

中文翻译：

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感知小鼠的潜在风险后，回避行为的性别差异。

背景技术性已被认为是调节不同情况下个人行为的潜在因素。最近，由于精确测量和控制神经元活动，神经内分泌回路中性别差异的发现有所扩展，而行为表型中性别差异的发现却很有限。确定性行为不同方面的一种有效方法是将其细分为由离散场景引起的一组较简单的响应。方法在本研究中，我们在各种独特的风险场景中进行了一系列行为测试，以确定在这些场景下响应中的性别差异在何处以及如何出现。结果在双向主动和被动回避测试中，回避反应中观察到明显的性别差异。观察到的表型是雄性小鼠的活动性较高而雌性小鼠的活动性降低，并且需要可逃避的风险与其预测提示之间的关联学习。在其他可逃避风险或预测提示或两者均缺失的场景中，这是有限的。结论综上所述，本研究发现，在感知到可逃避的风险后，回避反应中的主要性别差异发生在移动性上。