Waste electric and electronic devices (e-waste) represent a source of valuable raw materials of great interest, and in the case of metals, e-waste might become a prized alternative source. Regarding gold, natural ores are difficult to mine due to their refractory nature and the richest ores have almost all been exploited. Additionally, some gold mining areas are present in geopolitically unstable regions. Finally, the gold mining industry produces toxic compounds, such as cyanides. As a result, the gold present in e-waste represents a nonnegligible resource (urban mining). Extraction methods of gold from natural ores (pyro- and hydrometallurgy) have been adapted to this particular type of matrix. However, to propose novel approaches with a lower environmental footprint, biotechnological methods using microorganisms are being developed (biometallurgy). These processes use the extensive metabolic potential of microbes (algae, bacteria, and fungi) to mobilize and immobilize gold from urban and industrial sources. In this review, we focus on the use of fungi for gold biomining. Fungi interact with gold by mobilizing it through mechanical attack as well as through biochemical leaching by the production of cyanides. Moreover, fungi are also able to release Au through the degradation of cyanide from aurocyanide complexes. Finally, fungi immobilize gold through biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization, in particular, as gold nanoparticles. Overall, the diversity of mechanisms of gold recycling using fungi combined with their filamentous lifestyle, which allows them to thrive in heterogeneous and solid environments such as e-waste, makes fungi an important bioresource to be harnessed for the biorecovery of gold.

废弃的电气和电子设备（电子垃圾）代表着人们非常感兴趣的有价值的原材料，对于金属，电子垃圾可能成为一种备受珍视的替代来源。关于金，天然矿石由于其难处理的性质而难以开采，并且最丰富的矿石几乎全部被开采。此外，在地缘政治不稳定地区还存在一些金矿开采区。最后，金矿开采业会产生有毒化合物，例如氰化物。结果，电子废物中存在的黄金代表了不可忽略的资源（城市采矿）。从天然矿石中提取金的方法（火法和湿法冶金）已适应这种特殊类型的基质。但是，要提出具有较低环境足迹的新颖方法，正在开发使用微生物的生物技术方法（生物冶金）。这些过程利用了微生物（藻类，细菌和真菌）广泛的代谢潜能来动员和固定城市和工业来源的黄金。在这篇评论中，我们集中于真菌用于金生物开采。真菌通过机械攻击以及氰化物产生的生化浸出动员金，从而与金发生相互作用。此外，真菌还能够通过从氰化物络合物中降解氰化物来释放金。最后，真菌通过生物吸附，生物蓄积和生物矿化作用来固定金，尤其是作为金纳米颗粒。总体而言，结合真菌的金丝回收机制及其丝状生活方式，