Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder with an unknown etiology. IBD is composed of two different disease entities: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD has been thought to be idiopathic but has two main attributable causes that include genetic and environmental factors. The gastrointestinal tract in which this disease occurs is central to the immune system, and the innate and the adaptive immune systems are balanced in complex interactions with intestinal microbes under homeostatic conditions. However, in IBD, this homeostasis is disrupted and uncontrolled intestinal inflammation is perpetuated. Recently, the pathogenesis of IBD has become better understood owing to advances in genetic and immunologic technology. Moreover, new therapeutic strategies are now being implemented that accurately target the pathogenesis of IBD. Beyond conventional immunesuppressive therapy, the development of biological agents that target specific disease mechanisms has resulted in more frequent and deeper remission in IBD patients, with mucosal healing as a treatment goal of therapy. Future novel biologics should overcome the limitations of current therapies and ensure that individual patients can be treated with optimal drugs that are safe and precisely target IBD.

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炎症性肠病的发病机制及生物疗法的最新进展

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种病因不明的慢性肠道炎症性疾病。IBD 由两种不同的疾病实体组成：克罗恩病 (CD) 和溃疡性结肠炎 (UC)。IBD 被认为是特发性的，但有两个主要的可归因原因，包括遗传和环境因素。发生这种疾病的胃肠道是免疫系统的核心，先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统在稳态条件下与肠道微生物的复杂相互作用中保持平衡。然而，在 IBD 中，这种稳态被破坏，不受控制的肠道炎症持续存在。最近，由于遗传和免疫学技术的进步，IBD 的发病机制得到了更好的理解。而且，现在正在实施新的治疗策略，以准确靶向 IBD 的发病机制。除了传统的免疫抑制疗法外，针对特定疾病机制的生物制剂的开发已经导致 IBD 患者更频繁和更深入的缓解，并将粘膜愈合作为治疗的治疗目标。未来的新型生物制剂应克服当前疗法的局限性，并确保可以使用安全且精确靶向 IBD 的最佳药物治疗个体患者。