Although the antimicrobial activity of the engineered nanoparticles (NPs) is well known, the biochemical mechanisms underlying this activity are not clearly understood. Therefore, four NPs with the highest global production, namely SiO₂, TiO₂, ZnO, and Ag, were synthesized and characterized. The synthesized SiO₂, TiO₂, ZnO, and Ag NPs exhibit an average size of 11.12, 13.4, 35, and 50 nm, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized NPs against bacteria and fungi were also determined. NPs-mediated inhibition of two very important enzymes, namely urease and DNA polymerase, is also reported. The synthesized NPs especially Ag and ZnO show significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus even at low concentration. The DNA polymerase activity was inhibited at a very low concentration range of 2-4 µg/ml, whereas the urease activity was inhibited at a high concentration range of 50-100 µg/ml. Based on their ability to inhibit the urease and DNA polymerase, NPs can be arranged in the following order: Ag > ZnO > SiO₂ > TiO₂ and Ag > SiO₂ > ZnO > TiO₂, respectively_. As the synthesized NPs inhibit bacterial growth and suppress the activity of urease and DNA polymerase, the use of these NPs to control pathogens is proposed.

中文翻译：

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一些丰富的纳米粒子的合成和表征，其抗菌和酶抑制活性。

尽管工程纳米颗粒（NPs）的抗菌活性是众所周知的，但尚不清楚该活性的潜在生化机制。因此，合成并表征了全球产量最高的四个NP，即SiO ₂，TiO ₂，ZnO和Ag。合成的SiO ₂，TiO ₂，ZnO和Ag NP的平均尺寸分​​别为11.12、13.4、35和50 nm。还确定了合成的NP对细菌和真菌的抗微生物活性。还报道了NPs介导的对两种非常重要的酶，即脲酶和DNA聚合酶的抑制。合成的NP，特别是Ag和ZnO即使在低浓度下也对细菌和真菌（包括耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌）表现出显着的抗菌活性。在2-4 µg / ml的极低浓度范围内抑制了DNA聚合酶的活性，而在50-100 µg / ml的高浓度范围内抑制了脲酶的活性。根据其抑制脲酶和DNA聚合酶的能力，NP可以按以下顺序排列：Ag> ZnO> SiO ₂  > TiO ₂和Ag>的SiO ₂  >的ZnO>的TiO ₂，分别_。由于合成的NP抑制细菌生长并抑制脲酶和DNA聚合酶的活性，因此提出了使用这些NP控制病原体的方法。