Economic instruments that promise “win-win” solutions for both biodiversity conservation and human livelihoods have become increasingly popular over recent years. There however remains a gap in terms of practical and policy-relevant guidance about appropriate approaches that take into account the local needs and the specific cultural, legal, and ecological context in which such instruments are being developed and applied. This paper presents a step-by-step framework that helps conservation and development planners and practitioners to identify economic instruments that can promote pro-conservation behaviour in a specific setting. The concept of ‘ecosystem service opportunities’ builds on, and brings together, general economic principles and an ecosystem services perspective. The framework was designed to also address a number of concerns regarding economic approaches in order to help practitioners recognise the potentials and limits of economic approaches to nature conservation. The framework is illustrated by its application within the realm of a biodiversity conservation project in Thailand.

中文翻译：

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“生态系统服务机会”：一个以实践为导向的框架，用于确定增强生物多样性和人类生计的经济手段

近年来，承诺为生物多样性保护和人类生计提供“双赢”解决方案的经济手段越来越受欢迎。然而，在考虑到当地需求以及开发和应用此类工具的特定文化、法律和生态环境的适当方法的实用和政策相关指导方面仍然存在差距。本文提出了一个循序渐进的框架，帮助保护和发展规划者和从业者确定可以在特定环境中促进保护行为的经济手段。“生态系统服务机会”的概念建立在一般经济原则和生态系统服务观点的基础上，并将其结合在一起。该框架还旨在解决有关经济方法的许多问题，以帮助从业者认识到经济方法对自然保护的潜力和局限性。该框架在泰国的生物多样性保护项目领域中的应用得到了说明。