BACKGROUND Between 2013 and 2015 the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) administered a sheep technology adoption programme (STAP), with the aim of increasing profitability on Irish sheep farms by encouraging the adoption of best management practices. One of the options available to STAP participants was to test the efficacy of the anthelmintic treatment (benzimadazole, levamisole or macrocyclic lactone) used in their flocks by means of a drench test, which is a modification of the faecal egg count reduction test; individual faecal samples were collected from the same group of lambs before and after anthelmintic treatment, the number of eggs present pre and post treatment was subsequently determined from a pooled sample. RESULTS In total, 4211 drench tests were undertaken by farmers during the 3 years of the programme. Information on the anthelmintic product used was available for 3771 of these tests; anthelmintics from the classes benzimidazole (BZ), levamisole (LV) and macrocyclic lactone (ML) (avermectins (AVM) plus moxidectin (MOX)) were used in 42.0%, 23.4% and 32.5% of tests, respectively. The remaining 2.1% of tests involved an inappropriate product. The efficacy of treatment against 'other trichostrongyles' (excluding Nematodirus spp and Strongyloides papillosus.) could be established for 1446 tests, and 51% of these tests were considered effective (i.e. a reduction of faecal egg count (FEC) ≥ 95%). There was a significant difference among the drug groups in efficacy; 31.5%, 51.9%, 62.5% and 84% of treatments were considered effective for BZ, LV, AVM, MOX, respectively. The efficacy of treatment against Nematodirus spp. could be established for 338 tests and the overall efficacy was 96%. CONCLUSIONS Due to the significant difference among the anthelmintic classes for efficacy against 'other trichostrongyles' along with the high level of efficacy against Nematodirus spp., a genus for which anthelmintic resistance is rarely reported, it is concluded that anthelmintic resistance was responsible for the majority of the anthelmintic treatment failures observed.

中文翻译：

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爱尔兰绵羊农场驱虫治疗失败的全国性调查。

背景技术2013年至2015年间，农业，食品和海洋部（DAFM）实施了绵羊技术采用计划（STAP），旨在通过鼓励采用最佳管理方法来提高爱尔兰绵羊农场的盈利能力。STAP参与者可以使用的一种选择是通过淋水试验来测试其鸡群中使用的驱虫治疗（苯并咪唑，左旋咪唑或大环内酯）的功效，这是对粪便卵数减少试验的改进；在驱虫治疗之前和之后，从同一组羔羊收集单独的粪便样品，然后从合并的样品中确定治疗前后鸡蛋的数量。结果在该计划的3年中，农民总共进行了4211次淋水试验。这些试验中有3771种有关所使用的驱虫药的信息。分别使用苯并咪唑（BZ），左旋咪唑（LV）和大环内酯（ML）（阿维菌素（AVM）加莫西菌素（MOX））的驱虫药分别进行了42.0％，23.4％和32.5％的测试。其余2.1％的测试涉及不合适的产品。可以针对1446个试验确立针对“其他毛滴虫”（不包括线虫和乳突线虫）的治疗功效，其中51％的试验被认为是有效的（即粪便卵数减少（FEC）≥95％）。药物组之间在功效上有显着差异。分别有31.5％，51.9％，62.5％和84％的治疗对BZ，LV，AVM和MOX有效。对线虫属物种的治疗功效。可以建立338个测试，总效率为96％。结论由于驱虫类药物对“其他毛线虫”的功效存在显着差异，而且对线虫病的报道也很少，因此对驱虫药的抵抗力很高，因此得出结论，驱虫药抗药性是主要原因观察到的驱虫治疗失败。