Over the past three decades, black holes have played an important role in quantum gravity, mathematical physics, numerical relativity and gravitational wave phenomenology. However, conceptual settings and mathematical models used to discuss them have varied considerably from one area to another. Over the last five years a new, quasi-local framework was introduced to analyze diverse facets of black holes in a unified manner. In this framework, evolving black holes are modelled by dynamical horizons and black holes in equilibrium by isolated horizons. We review basic properties of these horizons and summarize applications to mathematical physics, numerical relativity, and quantum gravity. This paradigm has led to significant generalizations of several results in black hole physics. Specifically, it has introduced a more physical setting for black hole thermodynamics and for black hole entropy calculations in quantum gravity, suggested a phenomenological model for hairy black holes, provided novel techniques to extract physics from numerical simulations, and led to new laws governing the dynamics of black holes in exact general relativity.

中文翻译：

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孤立的和动态的视野及其应用。

在过去的三十年中，黑洞在量子引力，数学物理学，数值相对论和引力波现象学中发挥了重要作用。但是，用于讨论它们的概念设置和数学模型在一个领域到另一个领域都相差很大。在过去的五年中，引入了一个新的准局部框架，以统一的方式分析黑洞的各个方面。在此框架中，不断发展的黑洞是由动态视野建模的，平衡中的黑洞是由孤立视野建模的。我们回顾了这些视野的基本属性，并总结了其在数学物理，数值相对论和量子引力方面的应用。这种范例导致了黑洞物理学中若干结果的显着概括。具体来说，