Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the leading cause of cervical cancer development. To this end several studies have focused on designing molecular assays for HPV genotyping, which are considered as the gold standard for the early diagnosis of HPV infection. Moreover, the tendency of HPV DNA to be integrated into the host chromosome is a determining event for cervical oncogenesis. Thus, the establishment of molecular techniques was promoted in order to investigate the physical status of the HPV DNA and the locus of viral insertion into the host chromosome. The molecular approaches that have been developed recently facilitate the collection of a wide spectrum of valuable information specific to each individual patient and therefore can significantly contribute to the establishment of a personalised prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of HPV-positive patients. The present review focuses on state of the art molecular assays for HPV detection and genotyping for intra-lesion analyses, it examines molecular approaches for the determination of HPV-DNA physical status and it discusses the criteria for selecting the most appropriate regions of viral DNA to be incorporated in HPV genotyping and in the determination of HPV-DNA physical status.

中文翻译：

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HPV基因分型和HPV-DNA物理状态的分子方法

持续感染高危人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 基因型是宫颈癌发展的主要原因。为此，一些研究集中在设计用于 HPV 基因分型的分子检测方法，这被认为是早期诊断 HPV 感染的金标准。此外，HPV DNA 整合到宿主染色体中的趋势是宫颈癌发生的决定性事件。因此，促进了分子技术的建立，以研究 HPV DNA 的物理状态和病毒插入宿主染色体的位点。最近开发的分子方法有助于收集特定于每个患者的广泛有价值的信息，因此可以显着有助于建立 HPV 阳性患者的个性化预后、诊断和治疗。本综述侧重于用于 HPV 检测和病灶内分析的基因分型的最先进分子检测技术，它检查了用于确定 HPV-DNA 物理状态的分子方法，并讨论了选择最合适的病毒 DNA 区域的标准纳入 HPV 基因分型和确定 HPV-DNA 身体状态。