Salmonella entericais an important food borne pathogen that is frequently carried by swine. Carrier animals pose a food safety risk because they can transmitS. entericato finished food products in the processing plant or by contamination of the environment. Environmental contamination has become increasingly important as non-animal foods (plant-based) have been implicated as sources ofS. enterica. The prevalence ofS. entericain swine is high and yet carrier animals remain healthy.S. entericahas developed a highly sophisticated set of virulence factors that allow it to adapt to host environments and to cause disease. It is assumed thatS. entericaalso has developed unique ways to maintain itself in animals and yet not cause disease. Here we describe our research to understand persistence. Specifically, data are presented that demonstrates that detection of most carrier animals requires specific stresses that causeS. entericato be shed from pigs. As well, we describe a phenotypic phase variation process that appears to be linked to the carrier state and a complex set of factors that control phenotypic phase variation. Finally, we describe how the composition of the gut bacterial microbiome may contribute to persistence and at the least howS. entericamight alter the composition of the gut bacterial microbiome.

中文翻译：

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了解猪肠道沙门氏菌鼠伤寒持续存在

肠沙门氏菌是一种重要的食源性病原体，经常由猪携带。携带动物会带来食品安全风险，因为它们可以传播肠球菌加工厂中的成品食品或环境污染。环境污染变得越来越重要，因为非动物性食物（植物性）被认为是污染源肠球菌. 的流行肠球菌猪的含量很高，但携带动物仍然健康。肠球菌已经开发出一套高度复杂的毒力因子，使其能够适应宿主环境并引起疾病。假设肠球菌还开发了独特的方法来维持动物自身而不引起疾病。在这里，我们描述我们的研究以了解持久性。具体来说，提供的数据表明，大多数携带动物的检测需要特定的压力，导致肠球菌从猪身上脱落。同样，我们描述了一个表型相位变化过程，该过程似乎与载体状态和一组控制表型相位变化的复杂因素有关。最后，我们描述了肠道细菌微生物组的组成如何有助于持久性，以及至少如何肠球菌可能会改变肠道细菌微生物组的组成。