Characterized by dysfunction of tissues, organs, organ systems and the whole organism, aging results from the reduced function of effective stem cell populations. Recent advances in aging research have demonstrated that old tissue stem cells can be rejuvenated for the purpose of maintaining the old-organ function by youthful re-calibration of the environment where stem cells reside. Biochemical cues regulating tissue stem cell function include molecular signaling pathways that interact between stem cells themselves and their niches. Historically, plasma fractions have been shown to contain factors capable of controlling age phenotypes; subsequently, signaling pathways involved in the aging process have been identified. Consequently, modulation of signaling pathways such as Notch/Delta, Wnt, transforming growth factor-β, JAK/STAT, mammalian target of rapamycin and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase has demonstrated potential to rejuvenate stem cell function leading to organismic rejuvenation. Several synthetic agents and natural sources, such as phytochemicals and flavonoids, have been proposed to rejuvenate old stem cells by targeting these pathways. However, several concerns still remain to achieve effective organismic rejuvenation in clinical settings, such as possible carcinogenic actions; thus, further research is still required.

中文翻译：

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通过干细胞再生来防止衰老：可行还是不可行？

衰老的特征是组织，器官，器官系统和整个生物体功能失调，其原因是有效干细胞种群功能下降。衰老研究的最新进展表明，可以通过年轻地重新校准干细胞所处的环境来使旧的组织干细胞恢复活力，以维持旧器官的功能。调节组织干细胞功能的生化线索包括在干细胞自身及其壁ni之间相互作用的分子信号传导途径。从历史上看，血浆组分中含有能够控制年龄表型的因子。随后，已经确定了与衰老过程有关的信号通路。因此，可以调节信号通路，例如Notch / Delta，Wnt，转化生长因子-β，JAK / STAT，雷帕霉素和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的哺乳动物靶点已显示出使干细胞功能恢复活力从而导致机体恢复活力的潜力。已经提出了几种合成剂和天然来源，例如植物化学物质和类黄酮，以通过靶向这些途径来使旧的干细胞恢复活力。然而，在临床环境中实现有效的机体复兴仍然存在一些问题，例如可能的致癌作用。因此，仍然需要进一步的研究。为了在临床环境中实现有效的机体复兴，仍然存在一些问题，例如可能的致癌作用；因此，仍然需要进一步的研究。为了在临床环境中实现有效的机体复兴，仍然存在一些问题，例如可能的致癌作用；因此，仍然需要进一步的研究。