In the last 25 years, chromogenic culture media have found widespread application in diagnostic clinical microbiology. In the last decade, the range of media available to clinical laboratories has expanded greatly, allowing specific detection of additional pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, group B streptococci, Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica. New media have also been developed to screen for pathogens with acquired antimicrobial resistance, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp., and Enterobacteriaceae with extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases. This review seeks to explore the utility of chromogenic media in clinical microbiology, with particular attention given to media that have been commercialized in the last decade. The impact of laboratory automation and complementary technologies such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is also assessed. Finally, the review also seeks to demarcate the role of chromogenic media in an era of molecular diagnostics.

中文翻译：

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在分子诊断时代，用于临床微生物学的发色培养基的发展已有十年之久。

在过去的25年中，发色培养基已在诊断临床微生物学中得到广泛应用。在过去的十年中，临床实验室可用的介质范围已大大扩展，可以特异性检测其他病原体，包括铜绿假单胞菌，B组链球菌，艰难梭菌，弯曲杆菌属和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌。还开发了新的培养基来筛选具有获得性抗药性的病原体，包括耐万古霉素的肠球菌，耐碳青霉烯的不动杆菌属和带有广谱β-内酰胺酶和碳青霉烯酶的肠杆菌科。这篇综述旨在探讨生色培养基在临床微生物学中的用途，特别关注最近十年已商业化的培养基。还评估了实验室自动化和辅助技术（例如基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪（MALDI-TOF MS））的影响。最后，本综述还试图界定发色介质在分子诊断时代中的作用。