The first record of fossil teleostean otoliths from Antarctica is reported. The fossils were obtained from late Early Eocene shell beds of the La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island that represent the last temperate marine climate phase in Antarctica prior to the onset of cooling and subsequent glaciation during the late Eocene. A total of 17 otolith-based teleost taxa are recognized, with 10 being identifiable to species level containing nine new species and one new genus: Argentina antarctica sp. nov., Diaphus? marambionis sp. nov., Macruronus eastmani sp. nov., Coelorinchus balushkini sp. nov., Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi sp. nov., Palimphemus seymourensis sp. nov., Hoplobrotula? antipoda sp. nov., Notoberyx cionei gen. et sp. nov. and Cepola anderssoni sp. nov. Macruronus eastmani sp. nov. is also known from the late Eocene of Southern Australia, and Tripterophycis immutatus Schwarzhans, widespread in the southern oceans during the Eocene, has been recorded from New Zealand, southern Australia, and now Antarctica. The otolith assemblage shows a typical composition of temperate fishes dominated by gadiforms, very similar at genus and family levels to associations known from middle Eocene strata of New Zealand and the late Eocene of southern Australia, but also to the temperate Northern Hemisphere associations from the Paleocene of Denmark. The Seymour Island fauna bridges a gap in the record of global temperate marine teleost faunas during the early Eocene climate maximum. The dominant gadiforms are interpreted as the main temperate faunal component, as in the Paleocene of Denmark. Here they are represented by the families Moridae, Merlucciidae (Macruroninae), Macrouridae and Gadidae. Nowadays Gadidae are a chiefly Northern Hemisphere temperate family. Moridae, Macruroninae and Macrouridae live today on the lower shelf to deep-water or mesopelagically with Macruroninae being restricted to the Southern Ocean. The extant endemic Antarctic gadiform family Muraenolepididae is missing, as are the dominant modern Antarctic fishes of the perciform suborder Notothenioidei. Recently, there has been much debate on isolated jaw bones of teleost fishes found in the La Meseta Formation and whether they would represent gadiforms (Merlucciidae in this case) or some early, primitive notothenioid. Otoliths are known to often complement rather than duplicate skeletal finds. With this in mind, we conclude that our otolith data support the presence of gadiforms in the early Eocene of Antarctica while it does not rule out the presence of notothenioids at the same time.

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据报道，首次记录了来自南极洲的硬骨骨耳石化石。这些化石是从西摩岛拉梅塞塔组的晚始新世晚期贝壳床中获得的，它代表了南极洲在始新世晚期开始冷却和随后的冰川作用之前的最后一个温带海洋气候阶段。共有 17 个基于耳石的硬骨鱼类群被识别，其中 10 个可识别到物种水平，包含 9 个新物种和 1 个新属：Argentina antarctica sp。十一月，迪亚福斯？marambionis sp. 十一月，Macruronus Eastmani sp。十一月，Coelorinchus balushkini sp。十一月，Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi sp。十一月, Palimphemus seymourensissp。十一月，Hoplobrotula ? antipoda sp. 十一月，Notoberyx cionei gen。等人。十一月 和Cepola anderssoni sp。十一月 马克鲁龙伊斯特马尼sp。十一月 也从南澳大利亚始新世晚期已知，和Tripterophycis immutatusSchwarzhans 在始新世期间广泛分布于南部海洋，在新西兰、澳大利亚南部和现在的南极洲都有记录。耳石组合显示典型的温带鱼类组成，主要由 gadiforms 组成，在属和科水平上与新西兰中始新世地层和澳大利亚南部始新世晚期已知的组合非常相似，但也与古新世的北半球温带组合非常相似丹麦。西摩岛动物群填补了始新世早期气候最大值期间全球温带海洋硬骨鱼动物群记录的空白。主要的gadiforms被解释为主要的温带动物群，如丹麦的古新世。在这里，它们以 Moridae、Merlucciidae (Macruroninae)、Macrouridae 和 Gadidae 为代表。如今，Gadidae 主要是北半球的温带科。Moridae、Macruroninae 和 Macrouridae 今天生活在下陆架到深水或中层，而 Macruroninae 仅限于南大洋。缺少现存的南极地方性鱼形科 Muraenolepididae 以及鲈形亚目 Notothenioidei 的主要现代南极鱼类。最近，关于在 La Meseta 组中发现的硬骨鱼的孤立颚骨以及它们是否代表 gadiforms（在这种情况下为 Merlucciidae）或一些早期的原始 notothenioid，引起了很多争论。众所周知，耳石经常补充而不是复制骨骼发现。考虑到这一点，

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