Microbial processes are known to mediate selenium (Se) oxidation–reduction reactions, strongly influencing Se speciation, bioavailability, and transport throughout the environment. While these processes have commonly been studied in anaerobic bacteria, the role that aerobic fungi play in Se redox reactions could be important for Se‐rich soil systems, dominated by microbial activity. We quantified fungal growth, aerobic Se(IV, VI) reduction, and Se immobilization and volatilization in the presence of six, metal‐tolerant Ascomycete fungi. We found that the removal of dissolved Se was dependent on the fungal species, Se form (i.e., selenite or selenate), and Se concentration. All six species grew and removed dissolved Se(IV) or Se(VI) from solution, with five species reducing both oxyanions to Se(0) biominerals, and all six species removing at least 15%–20% of the supplied Se via volatilization. Growth rates of all fungi, however, decreased with increasing Se(IV,VI) concentrations. All fungi removed 85%–93% of the dissolved Se(IV) within 10 d in the presence of 0.01 mm Se(IV), although only about 20%–30% Se(VI) was removed when grown with 0.01 mm Se(VI). Fungi‐produced biominerals were typically 50‐ to 300‐nm‐diameter amorphous or paracrystalline spherical Se(0) nanoparticles. Our results demonstrate that activity of common soil fungi can influence Se form and distribution, and these organisms may therefore play a role in detoxifying Se‐polluted environments.

中文翻译：

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在有氧环境中真菌对硒（IV，VI）的还原和耐受性。

众所周知，微生物过程会介导硒（Se）的氧化还原反应，对硒的形态，生物利用度以及整个环境中的运输产生重大影响。尽管通常在厌氧细菌中研究这些过程，但是好氧真菌在Se氧化还原反应中的作用对于富含硒的土壤系统（以微生物活性为主导）可能很重要。我们在六种耐金属的子囊菌真菌存在下，定量了真菌的生长，好氧Se（IV，VI）的还原以及Se的固定和挥发。我们发现溶解的硒的去除取决于真菌种类，硒的形式（即亚硒酸盐或硒酸盐）和硒的浓度。所有六个物种均生长并从溶液中去除了溶解的Se（IV）或Se（VI），其中五个物种将两种氧阴离子都还原为Se（0）生物矿物，所有六个物种都通过挥发去除了至少15％–20％的硒。但是，所有真菌的生长速率都随着Se（IV，VI）浓度的增加而降低。在存在0.01 m的情况下，在10 d内所有真菌去除了溶解的Se（IV）的85％–93％米硒（IV），尽管当用0.01M生长只有约20％-30％的Se（VI）中除去米硒（VI）。真菌生产的生物矿物质通常是直径为50至300 nm的非晶或顺晶球形Se（0）纳米颗粒。我们的结果表明，常见土壤真菌的活性可以影响硒的形成和分布，因此这些生物可能在对硒污染的环境进行解毒中发挥了作用。