OBJECTIVE Stimulants are safe and effective medications for the treatment of ADHD. There are a number of case studies that report stimulant-induced dyskinesia. The aim of this study was to compare dyskinesia in a treated and a treatment-naive group of children with ADHD, and a healthy control group. METHOD Children aged 6 to 18 years were involved in the study (n = 158). Diagnosis of ADHD was measured with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid (MINI Kid). Dyskinesia was assessed with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). RESULTS Before methylphenidate administration, the treated ADHD group showed significantly higher AIMS total score than the control group (p = .001) and the treatment-naive ADHD group (p < .001). We found the same pattern 1.5 hr after methylphenidate administration. CONCLUSION These results call attention that clinicians should take special care for the possible development of dyskinesia during the treatment of their ADHD patients with methylphenidate.

中文翻译：

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初治和兴奋治疗的多动症儿童运动障碍。

目的兴奋剂是治疗多动症的安全有效药物。有许多案例研究报告了兴奋剂引起的运动障碍。这项研究的目的是比较治疗和未治疗的多动症儿童组与健康对照组的运动障碍。方法研究对象为6至18岁的儿童（n = 158）。多动症的诊断是通过Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid（MINI Kid）进行的。用异常非自愿运动量表（AIMS）评估运动障碍。结果在哌醋甲酯给药之前，ADHD治疗组的AIMS总分显着高于对照组（p = .001）和未经治疗的ADHD组（p <.001）。我们在哌醋甲酯给药1.5小时后发现了相同的模式。