Australia is known to have had the highest per-capita asbestos consumption level of any nation, reaching a peak in the 1970s. Although crocidolite was effectively banned in the late 1960s, and amosite use ceased in the mid 1980s, a complete asbestos ban was not implemented until 2003. This resulted in an epidemic of asbestos-related disease, which has only now reached its peak. Between 1982 and 2011, 13,036 individuals were newly diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma, with 690 diagnosed in 2011. A further 778 cases were identified between 1945 and 1981 from retrospective searches and the first 2 years of the Australian Mesothelioma Program. The age-standardized malignant mesothelioma incidence rate has leveled off in the last 10 years (2.8 per 100,000 in 2011). There has been a marked increase over time in the age-specific incidence rates for individuals aged 75 years or older. Data from the current Australian Mesothelioma Registry on asbestos exposure history in Australia is available for 449 subjects diagnosed between July 1, 2010, and April 1, 2015. This asbestos exposure history data show that 60% (n = 268) of cases had probable or possible occupational asbestos exposure, with trade-based jobs being the most frequent sources of occupational asbestos exposure. In addition, out of the 449 cases, 377 were recorded as having probable or possible nonoccupational asbestos exposure. Continuous vigilance toward changes over time in the settings in which people are exposed to asbestos and in the descriptive epidemiology of malignant mesothelioma is recommended to enable a comprehensive understanding of the current and future impact of asbestos-related diseases in Australia.

中文翻译：

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2015年澳大利亚恶性间皮瘤：当前发病率和石棉接触趋势。

众所周知，澳大利亚的人均石棉消费水平是所有国家中最高的，在1970年代达到了顶峰。尽管在1960年代后期有效地禁止了青石棉的使用，并且在1980年代中期停止了对铁石棉的使用，但是直到2003年才实施了全面的石棉禁令。这导致了与石棉有关的疾病的流行，这种疾病直到现在才达到顶峰。在1982年至2011年之间，新诊断为恶性间皮瘤的患者为13,036人，2011年被诊断为690例。通过回顾性搜索和澳大利亚间皮瘤计划的前两年，又发现了778例病例。在过去10年中，按年龄标准化的恶性间皮瘤发病率趋于平稳（2011年为100,000分之2.8）。随着年龄的增长，年龄在75岁或75岁以上的个体的发病率显着增加。来自当前澳大利亚间皮瘤登记处的澳大利亚石棉暴露史数据可用于2010年7月1日至2015年4月1日之间诊断的449名受试者。该石棉暴露史数据显示60％（n = 268）的病例可能或可能的职业石棉接触，以贸易为基础的工作是职业石棉接触的最常见来源。此外，在449例病例中，有377例被记录为可能或可能非职业性接触石棉。