This study investigated 15-month-old infants' (N = 150) ability to self-regulate based on observing a social interaction between two adults. Infants were bystanders to a social exchange in which an Experimenter performed actions on objects and an Emoter expressed anger, as if they were forbidden acts. Next, the Emoter became neutral and her visual access to the infant was experimentally manipulated. The Emoter either: (a) left the room, (b) turned her back, (c) faced the infant but looked down at a magazine, or (d) faced and looked toward the infant. Infants were then presented with the test objects. When the previously angry Emoter was facing them, infants were hesitant to imitate the demonstrated acts in comparison to the other conditions. We hypothesize that infants integrated the emotional and visual-perceptual cues to determine whether the Emoter would get angry at them, and then regulated their behavior accordingly. Temperament was related to infants' self-regulation -infants with higher impulsivity scores were more likely to perform the forbidden acts. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the roots of executive functions in late infancy.

中文翻译：

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婴儿，控制你自己：婴儿整合多种社会线索来调节他们的模仿行为

这项研究调查了 15 个月大的婴儿（N = 150）基于观察两个成年人之间的社交互动的自我调节能力。婴儿是社会交流的旁观者，在这种交流中，实验者对物体进行动作，而 Emoter 表达愤怒，就好像它们是被禁止的行为一样。接下来，Emoter 变得中立，她对婴儿的视觉访问被实验操纵。Emoter 要么：（a）离开房间，（b）转身，（c）面对婴儿但低头看杂志，或（d）面对并看着婴儿。然后将测试对象呈现给婴儿。当先前愤怒的 Emoter 面对他们时，与其他条件相比，婴儿对模仿表现出的行为犹豫不决。我们假设婴儿整合情绪和视觉感知线索来确定 Emoter 是否会对他们生气，然后相应地调节他们的行为。气质与婴儿的自我调节能力有关——冲动得分越高的婴儿越有可能做出被禁止的行为。综上所述，这些发现提供了对婴儿后期执行功能根源的洞察。