A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted on studies of the prevalence of aggressive and violent behavior, as well as of violent offenses and convictions, among military personnel following deployment to Iraq and/or Afghanistan; the relationship with deployment and combat exposure; and the role that mental health problems, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), have on the pathway between deployment and combat to violence. Seventeen studies published between January 1, 2001, and February 12, 2014, in the United States and the United Kingdom met the inclusion criteria. Despite methodological differences across studies, aggressive behavior was found to be prevalent among serving and formerly serving personnel, with pooled estimates of 10% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1, 20) for physical assault and 29% (95% CI: 25, 36) for all types of physical aggression in the last month, and worthy of further exploration. In both countries, rates were increased among combat-exposed, formerly serving personnel. The majority of studies suggested a small-to-moderate association between combat exposure and postdeployment physical aggression and violence, with a pooled estimate of the weighted odds ratio = 3.24 (95% CI: 2.75, 3.82), with several studies finding that violence increased with intensity and frequency of exposure to combat traumas. The review's findings support the mediating role of PTSD between combat and postdeployment violence and the importance of alcohol, especially if comorbid with PTSD.

中文翻译：

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部署到伊拉克和阿富汗的军事人员的攻击性和暴力行为：普遍性以及与部署和战斗暴露的联系。

对部署到伊拉克和/或阿富汗的军事人员中攻击性和暴力行为的普遍性以及暴力犯罪和定罪的研究进行了系统审查和荟萃分析；与部署和战斗暴露的关系；以及心理健康问题，如创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)，在部署和打击暴力之间的路径中所起的作用。2001 年 1 月 1 日至 2014 年 2 月 12 日期间在美国和英国发表的 17 项研究符合纳入标准。尽管不同研究的方法学存在差异，但攻击性行为在现役和前任人员中普遍存在，身体攻击的汇总估计为 10%（95% 置信区间 (CI)：1、20）和 29%（95% CI： 25, 36）对于上个月的各种身体攻击，值得进一步探索。在这两个国家，暴露于战斗的前服役人员的比率都有所增加。大多数研究表明，战斗暴露与部署后的身体攻击和暴力之间存在小到中度关联，加权优势比的汇总估计 = 3.24（95% CI：2.75，3.82），有几项研究发现暴力增加暴露于战斗创伤的强度和频率。该审查的结果支持 PTSD 在战斗和部署后暴力之间的中介作用以及酒精的重要性，特别是如果与 PTSD 共病。大多数研究表明，战斗暴露与部署后的身体攻击和暴力之间存在小到中度关联，加权优势比的汇总估计 = 3.24（95% CI：2.75，3.82），有几项研究发现暴力增加暴露于战斗创伤的强度和频率。该审查的结果支持 PTSD 在战斗和部署后暴力之间的中介作用以及酒精的重要性，特别是如果与 PTSD 共病。大多数研究表明，战斗暴露与部署后的身体攻击和暴力之间存在小到中度关联，加权优势比的汇总估计 = 3.24（95% CI：2.75，3.82），有几项研究发现暴力增加暴露于战斗创伤的强度和频率。该审查的结果支持 PTSD 在战斗和部署后暴力之间的中介作用以及酒精的重要性，特别是如果与 PTSD 共病。