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The Anti-apoptotic Effect of Ghrelin on Restraint Stress-Induced Thymus Atrophy in Mice
Immune Network ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2016-01-01 , DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.4.242
Jun Ho Lee 1 , Tae-Jin Kim 1 , Jie Wan Kim 2 , Jeong Seon Yoon 3 , Hyuk Soon Kim 4 , Kyung-Mi Lee 1
Affiliation  

Thymic atrophy is a complication that results from exposure to many environmental stressors, disease treatments, and microbial challenges. Such acute stress-associated thymic loss can have a dramatic impact on the host's ability to replenish the necessary naïve T cell output to reconstitute the peripheral T cell numbers and repertoire to respond to new antigenic challenges. We have previously reported that treatment with the orexigenic hormone ghrelin results in an increase in the number and proliferation of thymocytes after dexamethasone challenge, suggesting a role for ghrelin in restraint stress-induced thymic involution and cell apoptosis and its potential use as a thymostimulatory agent. In an effort to understand how ghrelin suppresses thymic T cell apoptosis, we have examined the various signaling pathways induced by receptor-specific ghrelin stimulation using a restraint stress mouse model. In this model, stress-induced apoptosis in thymocytes was effectively blocked by ghrelin. Western blot analysis demonstrated that ghrelin prevents the cleavage of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bim, Caspase-3, and PARP. In addition, ghrelin stimulation activates the Akt and Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways in a time/dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we also revealed the involvement of the FoxO3a pathway in the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. Together, these findings suggest that ghrelin inhibits apoptosis by modulating the stress-induced apoptotic signal pathway in the restraint-induced thymic apoptosis.

中文翻译:

Ghrelin抑制应激性小鼠胸腺萎缩的抗凋亡作用

胸腺萎缩是由于暴露于许多环境压力源、疾病治疗和微生物挑战而导致的并发症。这种急性应激相关的胸腺损失会对宿主补充必要的幼稚 T 细胞输出以重建外周 T 细胞数量和库以应对新的抗原挑战的能力产生巨大影响。我们之前曾报道过,在地塞米松激发后,用促食欲激素 ghrelin 治疗会导致胸腺细胞数量和增殖增加,这表明 ghrelin 在抑制应激诱导的胸腺退化和细胞凋亡中的作用及其作为胸腺刺激剂的潜在用途。为了了解ghrelin如何抑制胸腺T细胞凋亡,我们已经使用约束应激小鼠模型检查了由受体特异性 ghrelin 刺激诱导的各种信号通路。在该模型中,应激诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡被生长素释放肽有效阻断。蛋白质印迹分析表明,ghrelin 可阻止促凋亡蛋白(如 Bim、Caspase-3 和 PARP)的裂解。此外,ghrelin 刺激以时间/剂量依赖性方式激活 Akt 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 信号通路。此外,我们还揭示了 FoxO3a 通路参与 Akt 和 ERK1/2 的磷酸化。总之,这些发现表明,ghrelin 通过在约束诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡中调节应激诱导的细胞凋亡信号通路来抑制细胞凋亡。ghrelin 可有效阻断应激诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡。蛋白质印迹分析表明,ghrelin 可阻止促凋亡蛋白(如 Bim、Caspase-3 和 PARP)的裂解。此外,ghrelin 刺激以时间/剂量依赖性方式激活 Akt 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 信号通路。此外,我们还揭示了 FoxO3a 通路参与 Akt 和 ERK1/2 的磷酸化。总之,这些发现表明,ghrelin 通过在约束诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡中调节应激诱导的细胞凋亡信号通路来抑制细胞凋亡。ghrelin 可有效阻断应激诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡。蛋白质印迹分析表明,ghrelin 可阻止促凋亡蛋白(如 Bim、Caspase-3 和 PARP)的裂解。此外,ghrelin 刺激以时间/剂量依赖性方式激活 Akt 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 信号通路。此外,我们还揭示了 FoxO3a 通路参与 Akt 和 ERK1/2 的磷酸化。总之,这些发现表明,ghrelin 通过在约束诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡中调节应激诱导的细胞凋亡信号通路来抑制细胞凋亡。ghrelin 刺激以时间/剂量依赖性方式激活 Akt 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 信号通路。此外,我们还揭示了 FoxO3a 通路参与 Akt 和 ERK1/2 的磷酸化。总之,这些发现表明,ghrelin 通过在约束诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡中调节应激诱导的细胞凋亡信号通路来抑制细胞凋亡。ghrelin 刺激以时间/剂量依赖性方式激活 Akt 和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 信号通路。此外,我们还揭示了 FoxO3a 通路参与 Akt 和 ERK1/2 的磷酸化。总之,这些发现表明,ghrelin 通过在约束诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡中调节应激诱导的细胞凋亡信号通路来抑制细胞凋亡。
更新日期:2016-01-01
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