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A geometrical multi-scale numerical method for coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical problems in photovoltaic laminates
Computational Mechanics ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2016-02-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s00466-016-1271-5
P Lenarda 1 , M Paggi 1
Affiliation  

A comprehensive computational framework based on the finite element method for the simulation of coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical problems in photovoltaic laminates is herein proposed. While the thermo-mechanical problem takes place in the three-dimensional space of the laminate, moisture diffusion occurs in a two-dimensional domain represented by the polymeric layers and by the vertical channel cracks in the solar cells. Therefore, a geometrical multi-scale solution strategy is pursued by solving the partial differential equations governing heat transfer and thermo-elasticity in the three-dimensional space, and the partial differential equation for moisture diffusion in the two dimensional domains. By exploiting a staggered scheme, the thermo-mechanical problem is solved first via a fully implicit solution scheme in space and time, with a specific treatment of the polymeric layers as zero-thickness interfaces whose constitutive response is governed by a novel thermo-visco-elastic cohesive zone model based on fractional calculus. Temperature and relative displacements along the domains where moisture diffusion takes place are then projected to the finite element model of diffusion, coupled with the thermo-mechanical problem by the temperature and crack opening dependent diffusion coefficient. The application of the proposed method to photovoltaic modules pinpoints two important physical aspects: (i) moisture diffusion in humidity freeze tests with a temperature dependent diffusivity is a much slower process than in the case of a constant diffusion coefficient; (ii) channel cracks through Silicon solar cells significantly enhance moisture diffusion and electric degradation, as confirmed by experimental tests.

中文翻译:

光伏层压板湿热机械耦合问题的几何多尺度数值方法

本文提出了一种基于有限元方法的综合计算框架,用于模拟光伏层压板中的湿热机械耦合问题。虽然热机械问题发生在层压板的三维空间中,但水分扩散发生在以聚合物层和太阳能电池中的垂直通道裂缝为代表的二维域中。因此,通过求解三维空间中控制传热和热弹性的偏微分方程以及二维域中水分扩散的偏微分方程,寻求几何多尺度求解策略。通过利用交错方案,首先通过空间和时间上的完全隐式求解方案来解决热机械问题,将聚合物层作为零厚度界面进行特殊处理,其本构响应由基于分数阶微积分的新型热粘弹性内聚区模型控制。然后,沿着发生水分扩散的域的温度和相对位移被投影到扩散的有限元模型,并通过温度和裂纹开口相关的扩散系数与热机械问题相结合。所提出的方法在光伏模块中的应用指出了两个重要的物理方面:(i) 湿度冻结测试中的水分扩散与温度相关的扩散率比恒定扩散系数的情况慢得多;(ii) 通过硅太阳能电池的通道裂缝显着增强了水分扩散和电降解,
更新日期:2016-02-18
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