Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was probably domesticated from O. rufipogon in Asia in the last 10,000 years. Relatives of cultivated rice (A genome species of Oryza) are found in South America, Africa, Australia and Asia. These A genome species are the close relatives of cultivated rice and represent the effective gene pool for rice improvement. Members of this group in Northern Australia include, an annual species, O. meridionalis, and two recently distinguished perennial taxa, to one of which the name O. rufipogon has been applied and the other a perennial form of O. meridionalis. Comparison of whole chloroplast genome sequences of these taxa has now been used to determine the relationships between the wild taxa and cultivated rice. The chloroplast genomes of the perennials were both found to be distinguished from O. rufipogon from Asia by 124 or 125 variations and were distinguished from each other by 53 variations. These populations have remained isolated from the overwhelming genetic impact of the large domesticated rice populations in Asia and may be unique descendants of the gene pool from which domesticated rice arose. The conservation of this wild genetic resource may be critical for global food security.

中文翻译：

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在澳大利亚北部鉴定出的新型水稻种质的叶绿体基因组。

稻（Oryza sativa L.）可能是在过去的10,000年中从亚洲的红景天（O. rufipogon）驯化而来的。栽培稻的亲属（的基因组种水稻）在南美，非洲，澳洲和亚洲发现。这些A基因组物种是栽培稻的近亲，代表了水稻改良的有效基因库。该组在北澳大利亚的成员包括一年生的O. meridionalis和两个最近著名的多年生分类单元，其中一种被命名为O. rufipogon，另一种为多年生形式的O. meridionalis。这些分类单元的完整叶绿体基因组序列的比较现已用于确定野生分类单元和栽培稻之间的关系。发现多年生植物的叶绿体基因组与亚洲的红景天有124或125个变异，也有53个变异。这些种群与亚洲大量驯化水稻种群的压倒性遗传影响保持隔离，并且可能是产生驯化水稻的基因库的独特后代。这种野生遗传资源的保护对于全球粮食安全可能至关重要。