The current study aimed to evaluate the bending resistance and the cyclic fatigue life of a new heat-treated reciprocating instrument (ProDesign R). Untreated ProDesign R, Reciproc R25, and WaveOne Primary instruments were used as reference instruments for comparison. The bending resistance was performed in ten instruments of each system by using a universal testing machine and a proper apparatus. The cyclic fatigue resistance was tested measuring the number of cycles to failure in an artificial stainless steel canal. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to determine the mode of fracture and possible deformations at the helical shaft. Statistical analysis was performed by using parametric methods; one-way analysis of variance plus post hoc pair-wise Tukey test for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). Untreated ProDesign R presented significantly higher bending resistance than the other tested systems (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between ProDesign R and Reciproc files regarding the bending resistance (p > 0.05). Moreover, ProDesign R revealed a significantly longer cyclic fatigue life (p < 0.05). In contrast, Untreated ProDesign R and WaveOne instruments presented significantly lower cyclic fatigue life than Reciproc (p < 0.05). The new heat-treated reciprocating instrument ProDesign R have higher cyclic fatigue resistance than Untreated ProDesign R, Reciproc, and WaveOne instruments. ProDesign R and Reciproc were significantly more flexible than Untreated ProDesign R and WaveOne files. SCANNING 38:837-841, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

中文翻译：

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一种新型热处理往复器械的抗弯性能和循环疲劳

目前的研究旨在评估一种新型热处理往复式器械 (ProDesign R) 的抗弯曲性和循环疲劳寿命。未经处理的 ProDesign R、Reciproc R25 和 WaveOne Primary 仪器用作比较的参考仪器。通过使用万能试验机和适当的设备，在每个系统的十台仪器中进行抗弯曲性。通过测量在人造不锈钢管中失效的循环次数来测试抗循环疲劳性。进行扫描电子显微镜分析以确定螺旋轴处的断裂模式和可能的变形。采用参数化方法进行统计分析；单向方差分析加上事后成对 Tukey 检验进行多重比较（p < 0.05）。未经处理的 ProDesign R 表现出明显高于其他测试系统的抗弯曲性 (p < 0.05)。ProDesign R 和 Reciproc 文件之间没有观察到关于抗弯曲性的差异 (p > 0.05)。此外，ProDesign R 显示出明显更长的循环疲劳寿命（p < 0.05）。相比之下，未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 仪器的循环疲劳寿命显着低于 Reciproc（p < 0.05）。与未经处理的 ProDesign R、Reciproc 和 WaveOne 仪器相比，新型热处理往复式仪器 ProDesign R 具有更高的抗循环疲劳性。ProDesign R 和 Reciproc 比未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 文件灵活得多。扫描 38:837-841, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 05）。ProDesign R 和 Reciproc 文件之间没有观察到关于抗弯曲性的差异 (p > 0.05)。此外，ProDesign R 显示出明显更长的循环疲劳寿命（p < 0.05）。相比之下，未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 仪器的循环疲劳寿命显着低于 Reciproc（p < 0.05）。与未经处理的 ProDesign R、Reciproc 和 WaveOne 仪器相比，新型热处理往复式仪器 ProDesign R 具有更高的抗循环疲劳性。ProDesign R 和 Reciproc 比未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 文件灵活得多。扫描 38:837-841, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 05）。ProDesign R 和 Reciproc 文件之间没有观察到关于抗弯曲性的差异 (p > 0.05)。此外，ProDesign R 显示出明显更长的循环疲劳寿命（p < 0.05）。相比之下，未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 仪器的循环疲劳寿命显着低于 Reciproc（p < 0.05）。与未经处理的 ProDesign R、Reciproc 和 WaveOne 仪器相比，新型热处理往复式仪器 ProDesign R 具有更高的抗循环疲劳性。ProDesign R 和 Reciproc 比未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 文件灵活得多。扫描 38:837-841, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ProDesign R 显示循环疲劳寿命显着延长（p < 0.05）。相比之下，未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 仪器的循环疲劳寿命显着低于 Reciproc（p < 0.05）。与未经处理的 ProDesign R、Reciproc 和 WaveOne 仪器相比，新型热处理往复式仪器 ProDesign R 具有更高的抗循环疲劳性。ProDesign R 和 Reciproc 比未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 文件灵活得多。扫描 38:837-841, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ProDesign R 显示循环疲劳寿命显着延长（p < 0.05）。相比之下，未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 仪器的循环疲劳寿命显着低于 Reciproc（p < 0.05）。与未经处理的 ProDesign R、Reciproc 和 WaveOne 仪器相比，新型热处理往复式仪器 ProDesign R 具有更高的抗循环疲劳性。ProDesign R 和 Reciproc 比未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 文件灵活得多。扫描 38:837-841, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ProDesign R 和 Reciproc 比未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 文件灵活得多。扫描 38:837-841, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ProDesign R 和 Reciproc 比未经处理的 ProDesign R 和 WaveOne 文件灵活得多。扫描 38:837-841, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.