Dichloroethane is widely used as a solvent, degreasing agent and in a variety of commercial products, and is known for being a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment. Important sources principally include the emissions from industrial processes, improper consumption, storage, and disposal methods. In view of the fact that the mechanism of its genotoxicity has not been satisfactorily elucidated, the acute in vivo toxicological impact is assessed in Rattus norvegicus. A systematic investigation has been made involving the use of conventional methods along with molecular and flow cytometric approaches. The micronucleus and chromosomal aberration frequencies were significantly elevated in bone marrow cells exposed to three concentrations at multiple treatment durations indicating positive time- and dose-response relationships. The mitotic index significantly decreased in similar concentrations in contrast to normal control. Separate studies were performed on blood cells for comet assay. It revealed dichloroethane-induced DNA damage in all exposures readily explainable in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Recent molecular techniques were further employed using leukocytes for the cell apoptosis/cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential employing propidium iodide staining and rhodamine-123, respectively. The effect on mitochondrial membrane permeability, cell cycle phases, and the DNA damage was analyzed through flow cytometry. These indicators revealed dichloroethane treatment decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, affected the cell cycle, and confirmed the DNA damage, leading to apoptosis of the cells of the immune system responsible for immunotoxic effects of dichloroethane on rat leukocytes.

中文翻译：

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1,2-二氯乙烷对Wistar大鼠的遗传毒性和免疫毒性作用。

二氯乙烷被广泛用作溶剂，脱脂剂和各种商业产品，并且众所周知是环境中普遍存在的污染物。重要的排放源主要包括工业生产过程中的排放，不适当的消耗，存储和处置方法。鉴于尚未令人满意地阐明其遗传毒性的机制，因此在褐家鼠中评估了其急性的体内毒理学影响。已经进行了涉及常规方法以及分子和流式细胞术方法的系统研究。在多个治疗持续时间暴露于三种浓度的骨髓细胞中，微核和染色体畸变频率显着升高，表明时间和剂量反应呈正相关。与正常对照相比，在相似浓度下，有丝分裂指数显着降低。对血细胞进行了单独的研究，用于彗星分析。它揭示了在所有暴露中二氯乙烷诱导的DNA损伤都可以以剂量和时间依赖的方式容易地解释。进一步利用分子技术，利用白细胞分别利用碘化丙锭染色和若丹明-123来测定细胞凋亡/周期和线粒体膜电位。通过流式细胞术分析对线粒体膜通透性，细胞周期阶段和DNA损伤的影响。这些指标表明，二氯乙烷处理降低了线粒体膜电位，影响了细胞周期，并证实了DNA损伤，