BACKGROUND Elderberry (Sambucus spp.) fruit are used for food and dietary supplements in Europe and North America, and contain large amounts of cyanidin-based anthocyanins and other phenolics that may benefit human health. OBJECTIVES Information on the effect of both genotype and production environment on elderberry juice characteristics is needed in order to optimize production of quality food and dietary supplements. METHODS The characteristics of elderberry fruits relative to genetic and production environment were evaluated from 12 American elderberry genotypes at three U.S. sites (two in Missouri and one in Oregon) over three growing seasons. Additional genotypes of American and European elderberry were studied at the Oregon site. RESULTS Location, genotype, and growing season influenced pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolics, and total anthocyanins. Elderberries grown in Oregon were consistently higher in acidity than those grown in Missouri. Differences in acidity and anthocyanin with environment were dependent on genotype. Non-acylated anthocyanins and flavonol-glycosides were more influenced by location than by genotype. CONCLUSION 'Bob Gordon' and 'Adams 2' genotypes, which are good producers in diverse environments, were significantly higher in total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents in all locations, and may be good selections for producing juices, wines, or health products.

中文翻译：

---

密苏里州和俄勒冈州种植的不同接骨木果基因型的果实特性比较

背景接骨木（Sambucus spp.）果实在欧洲和北美被用作食品和膳食补充剂，含有大量的花青素类花青素和其他有益于人类健康的酚类物质。目标 需要有关基因型和生产环境对接骨木汁特性影响的信息，以优化优质食品和膳食补充剂的生产。方法从三个美国地点（两个在密苏里州，一个在俄勒冈州）的 12 个美国接骨木果基因型中，在三个生长季节评估了接骨木果果实相对于遗传和生产环境的特征。在俄勒冈州研究了美国和欧洲接骨木浆果的其他基因型。结果 位置、基因型和生长季节影响 pH 值、可溶性固体、可滴定酸度、总酚、和总花青素。俄勒冈州种植的接骨木浆果的酸度始终高于密苏里州种植的接骨木果。酸度和花青素与环境的差异取决于基因型。非酰化花青素和黄酮醇糖苷受位置的影响比受基因型的影响更大。结论 'Bob Gordon' 和 'Adams 2' 基因型在不同环境中都是良好的生产者，在所有地点的总酚类和总花青素含量显着较高，可能是生产果汁、葡萄酒或保健品的理想选择。非酰化花青素和黄酮醇糖苷受位置的影响比受基因型的影响更大。结论 'Bob Gordon' 和 'Adams 2' 基因型在不同环境中都是良好的生产者，在所有地点的总酚类和总花青素含量显着较高，可能是生产果汁、葡萄酒或保健品的理想选择。非酰化花青素和黄酮醇糖苷受位置的影响比受基因型的影响更大。结论 'Bob Gordon' 和 'Adams 2' 基因型在不同环境中都是良好的生产者，在所有地点的总酚类和总花青素含量显着较高，可能是生产果汁、葡萄酒或保健品的理想选择。