Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae is a fungus associated with oak wilt and deemed to cause extensive oak mortality in South Korea. Since the discovery of this fungus on a dead Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) in 2004, the mortality continued to spread southwards in South Korea. Despite continued expansion of the disease and associated significant impacts on forest ecosystems, information is lacking about the origin and genetic diversity of R. quercus-mongolicae. Restriction-site-Associated DNA (RAD) sequencing was used to assess genetic diversity and population structure among five populations (provinces) of R. quercus-mongolicae in South Korea. In total, 179 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified among 2,639 RAD loci across the nuclear genome of the 54 R. quercus-mongolicae isolates (0.0012 SNPs per bp), which displayed an overall low expected heterozygosity and no apparent population structure. The low genetic diversity and no apparent population structure among South Korean populations of this ambrosia beetle-vectored fungus supports the hypothesis that this fungus was introduced to South Korea.

中文翻译：

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Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae，一种与韩国橡树死亡率相关的真菌的遗传多样性和种群结构

Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae 是一种与橡木枯萎病有关的真菌，在韩国被认为会导致橡木大量死亡。自从 2004 年在一棵死去的蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）上发现这种真菌以来，死亡率在韩国继续向南蔓延。尽管该病害持续扩大并对森林生态系统产生重大影响，但缺乏关于蒙古栎起源和遗传多样性的信息。限制性位点相关 DNA (RAD) 测序用​​于评估韩国蒙古栎五个种群（省）的遗传多样性和种群结构。总共在 54 个蒙古栎分离株的核基因组的 2,639 个 RAD 基因座中鉴定了 179 个单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)（每 bp 0.0012 个 SNP），总体上显示出较低的预期杂合度，并且没有明显的种群结构。这种以金龟子为载体的真菌在韩国种群中的低遗传多样性和没有明显的种群结构支持了这种真菌被引入韩国的假设。