Pollen heat acclimation. As a consequence of global warming, plants have to face more severe and more frequently occurring periods of high temperature stress. While this affects the whole plant, development of the male gametophyte, the pollen, seems to be the most sensitive process. Given the great importance of functioning pollen for the plant life cycle and for agricultural production, it is necessary to understand this sensitivity. While changes in temperature affect different components of all cells and require a cellular response and acclimation, high temperature effects and responses in developing pollen are distinct from vegetative tissues at several points. This could be related to specific physiological characteristics of developing pollen and supporting tissues which make them vulnerable to high temperature, or its derived effects such as ROS accumulation and carbohydrate starvation. But also expression of heat stress-responsive genes shows unique patterns in developing pollen when compared to vegetative tissues that might explain the failure to withstand high temperatures. As an alternative to viewing pollen failure under high temperature as a result of inherent sensitivity of a specific developmental process, we end by discussing whether it might actually be an adaptation.

中文翻译：

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花粉发育过程中要适应高温。

花粉热适应。由于全球变暖，植物不得不面对更严重，更频繁发生的高温胁迫时期。尽管这会影响整个植物，但雄配子体花粉的发育似乎是最敏感的过程。鉴于花粉功能对于植物生命周期和农业生产至关重要，因此有必要了解这种敏感性。尽管温度变化会影响所有细胞的不同组成部分，并需要细胞响应和适应，但在发育中的花粉中，高温效应和响应与营养组织在几个点上是截然不同的。这可能与发育中的花粉和支持组织的特定生理特征有关，这使它们易受高温的影响，或其衍生效应，例如ROS积累和碳水化合物饥饿。而且，与营养组织相比，热应激反应基因的表达在花粉发育过程中也表现出独特的模式，这可能解释了不能承受高温的原因。作为查看由于特定发育过程的固有敏感性而导致的高温下花粉破坏的替代方法，我们最后讨论它实际上是否可能是一种适应。