The mining industry is among the top ten industries nationwide with high occupational injury and fatality rates, and mine rescue response may be considered one of the most hazardous activities in mining operations. In the aftermath of an underground mine fire, explosion or water inundation, specially equipped and trained teams have been sent underground to fight fires, rescue entrapped miners, test atmospheric conditions, investigate the causes of the disaster, or recover the dead. Special personal protective ensembles are used by the team members to improve the protection of rescuers against the hazards of mine rescue and recovery. Personal protective ensembles used by mine rescue teams consist of helmet, cap lamp, hood, gloves, protective clothing, boots, kneepads, facemask, breathing apparatus, belt, and suspenders. While improved technology such as wireless warning and communication systems, lifeline pulleys, and lighted vests have been developed for mine rescuers over the last 100 years, recent research in this area of personal protective ensembles has been minimal due to the trending of reduced exposure of rescue workers. In recent years, the exposure of mine rescue teams to hazardous situations has been changing. However, it is vital that members of the teams have the capability and proper protection to immediately respond to a wide range of hazardous situations. Currently, there are no minimum requirements, best practice documents, or nationally recognized consensus standards for protective clothing used by mine rescue teams in the United States (U.S.). The following review provides a summary of potential issues that can be addressed by rescue teams and industry to improve potential exposures to rescue team members should a disaster situation occur. However, the continued trending in the mining industry toward non-exposure to potential hazards for rescue workers should continue to be the primary goal. To assist in continuing this trend, the mining industry and regulatory agencies have been more restrictive by requiring additional post disaster information regarding atmospheric conditions and other hazards before exposing rescue workers and others in the aftermath of a mine disaster. In light of some of the more recent mine rescuer fatalities such as the Crandall Canyon Mine and Jim Walters Resources in the past years, the direction of reducing exposure is preferred. This review provides a historical perspective on ensembles used during mine rescue operations and summarizes environmental hazards, critical elements of mine rescue ensembles, and key problems with these elements. This study also identifies domains for improved mine rescue ensembles. Furthermore, field observations from several coal mine rescue teams were added to provide the information on the currently used mine rescue ensembles in the U.S.

中文翻译：

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对美国地下煤矿的矿山救援组合的评论。

采矿业是全国十大职业伤害和致死率最高的行业之一，矿山救援响应可能被认为是采矿作业中最危险的活动之一。在地下矿井发生火灾，爆炸或水淹之后，经过专门装备和训练有素的小组被派往地下救火，营救被困矿工，测试大气条件，调查灾难原因或挽救死者。团队成员使用特殊的个人防护装束来改善对救援人员的保护，使其免受地雷救援和恢复的危害。地雷救援队使用的个人防护服包括头盔，头灯，头罩，手套，防护服，靴子，护膝，口罩，呼吸器，皮带和吊带。在过去的100年中，虽然为矿山救援人员开发了诸如无线警告和通信系统，救生索滑轮和带灯背心的改进技术，但由于人们倾向于减少救援人员的暴露，因此在个人防护服领域的最新研究很少。工作人员。近年来，地雷救援队面临的危险状况已经发生了变化。但是，至关重要的是，团队成员必须有能力和适当的保护，以立即对各​​种危险情况做出响应。当前，美国（美国）的地雷救援队没有最低要求，最佳实践文件或国家认可的防护服共识标准。以下评论总结了救援团队和行业可以解决的潜在问题，以在发生灾难时提高救援团队成员的潜在风险。但是，采矿业朝着未暴露于救援人员潜在危险的持续趋势应继续是主要目标。为了帮助继续保持这一趋势，采矿业和监管机构采取了更加严格的限制措施，即在发生矿难后要求救援人员和其他人员接触之前，要求提供有关大气状况和其他危险的其他灾后信息。鉴于最近几年发生的一些矿难救援人员死亡事件，例如Crandall Canyon矿山和Jim Walters Resources等，减少辐射的方向是首选。这篇综述提供了有关在矿山营救过程中使用的乐团的历史观点，并总结了环境危害，矿山营救乐团的关键要素以及这些要素的关键问题。这项研究还确定了改进矿山救援队的领域。此外，还增加了几个煤矿救援队的现场观察，以提供有关美国目前使用的煤矿救援队的信息。