By the end of the 1st year, infants expect spoken labels to be extended across individuals and thus seem to understand words as shared conventional forms. However, it is unknown whether infants' willingness to extend labels across individuals is constrained to familiar forms, such as spoken words, or whether infants can identify a broader range of symbols as potential conventions. The present study tested whether 12-month-old infants will extend a novel sign label to a new person. Results indicate that 12-month-olds expect signed object–label relations to extend across agents but restrict object preferences to individuals. The results suggest that infants' expectations about conventional behaviors and linguistic forms are likely broad at 12 months. The implications of these findings for infants' early conceptions of conventional behaviors as well as our understanding of the initial state of the learner are considered.

中文翻译：

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十二个月大的婴儿概括了新颖的签名标签，但不是个人的偏好

到 1 岁结束时，婴儿期望口语标签能够扩展到个人，因此似乎将单词理解为共享的常规形式。然而，婴儿在个体之间扩展标签的意愿是否仅限于熟悉的形式（例如口语），或者婴儿是否可以将更广泛的符号识别为潜在的约定，这是未知的。本研究测试了 12 个月大的婴儿是否会将新的标志标签扩展到一个新人。结果表明 12 个月大的孩子希望签名的对象-标签关系可以扩展到代理之间，但将对象偏好限制为个人。结果表明，婴儿对常规行为和语言形式的期望在 12 个月时可能很广泛。这些发现对婴儿的影响