Abstract Piezoelectric single crystals, which have excellent piezoelectric properties, have extensively been employed for various sensors and actuators applications. In this paper, the state-of-art in piezoelectric single crystals for ultrasonic transducer applications is reviewed. Firstly, the basic principles and design considerations of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers will be addressed. Then, the popular piezoelectric single crystals used for ultrasonic transducer applications, including LiNbO 3 (LN), PMN–PT and PIN–PMN–PT, will be introduced. After describing the preparation and performance of the single crystals, the recent development of both the single-element and array transducers fabricated using the single crystals will be presented. Finally, various biomedical applications including eye imaging, intravascular imaging, blood flow measurement, photoacoustic imaging and microbeam applications of the single crystal transducers will be discussed.

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用于生物医学应用的压电单晶超声换能器

摘要 压电单晶具有优异的压电性能，已广泛用于各种传感器和执行器应用。在本文中，回顾了用于超声换能器应用的压电单晶的最新技术。首先，将讨论压电超声换能器的基本原理和设计考虑。然后，将介绍用于超声换能器应用的流行压电单晶，包括 LiNbO 3 (LN)、PMN-PT 和 PIN-PMN-PT。在描述了单晶的制备和性能之后，将介绍使用单晶制造的单元件和阵列换能器的最新发展。最后，各种生物医学应用，包括眼部成像、血管内成像、