Gliomas are the most common primary human brain tumors and occur in both adults and children. Over the past few years, systematic large-scale genomic and epigenomic profiling has provided unprecedented insight into their pathogenesis, uncovering alterations in an unanticipated number of genes and regulatory elements. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries about the genomics and epigenomics of adult and pediatric gliomas and highlight how some of the founding genetic mutations reshape the cancer epigenome. These studies provide an in-depth view of the molecular routes leading to glioma development, offer insight into the cancer stem cell model, help refine classifications, and should lay the foundation for improved clinical care.

中文翻译：

---

胶质瘤基因组学和表观基因组学：刚开始并首次了解它。

胶质瘤是最常见的人类原发性脑肿瘤，在成人和儿童中均会发生。在过去的几年中，系统的大规模基因组和表观基因组概况分析为他们的发病机理提供了空前的见识，发现了意想不到的基因和调控元件数量的变化。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有关成人和小儿神经胶质瘤的基因组学和表观基因组学的最新发现，并重点介绍了一些创始的基因突变如何重塑癌症表观基因组。这些研究提供了导致神经胶质瘤发展的分子途径的深入视图，深入了解了癌症干细胞模型，有助于完善分类，并应为改善临床护理奠定基础。