Throughout pregnancy, the placenta acts as a physical and immunological barrier against the hematogenous transmission of viruses from mother to fetus. Despite this, very little is known regarding the specific mechanisms by which the placenta shields the developing fetus from viral infections or about the strategies utilized by select viruses to bypass and/or weaken the placental barrier. In this review, we summarize studies regarding virus-host interactions at the placental interface and explore key areas for future investigation. We focus our review on placental trophoblasts, which form the barrier between maternal and fetal circulations and thus govern the cross talk between the maternal and fetal microenvironments.

中文翻译：

---

胎盘作为病毒感染的屏障。

在整个怀孕期间，胎盘可作为物理和免疫屏障，阻止病毒从母体向胎儿的血源性传播。尽管如此，关于胎盘保护发育中的胎儿免受病毒感染的具体机制，或者选择的病毒绕过和/或削弱胎盘屏障的策略知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关胎盘界面上病毒-宿主相互作用的研究，并探讨了未来研究的关键领域。我们将重点放在胎盘滋养细胞上，它形成了母体和胎儿循环之间的屏障，从而控制了母体和胎儿微环境之间的串扰。