Although exercise is widely believed to improve sleep, experimental evidence has found acute and chronic exercise to exert only modest effects on subsequent sleep. However, these studies are limited in that they have primarily used good sleepers (floor/ceiling effects). In contrast to experimental studies, epidemiologic studies have consistently reported significant positive associations between self-reported exercise habits and better self-reported sleep. This association has been confirmed across a wide range of demographics. Nonetheless, epidemiologic studies on this topic have also had limitations. They have often assessed exercise and sleep using instruments of dubious validity. Moreover, the studies have generally not included clinical diagnoses of sleep disorders. Thus, the clinical relevance of these findings is unclear. In addition, possible alternative explanations for the association of exercise and improved sleep have often not been controlled (e.g. bright light, other healthy behaviors). This review will focus on these epidemiologic studies. We will review and critique representative survey and epidemiologic studies of exercise and sleep and discuss directions for future research in this area.

中文翻译：

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运动和睡眠的流行病学

尽管人们普遍认为运动可以改善睡眠，但实验证据发现，急性和慢性运动对随后的睡眠仅产生适度影响。然而，这些研究的局限性在于它们主要使用良好的睡眠者（地板/天花板效应）。与实验研究相反，流行病学研究一直报告自我报告的运动习惯与更好的自我报告睡眠之间存在显着的正相关。这种关联已在广泛的人口统计数据中得到证实。尽管如此，关于这一主题的流行病学研究也存在局限性。他们经常使用有效性可疑的工具来评估运动和睡眠。此外，这些研究通常不包括睡眠障碍的临床诊断。因此，这些发现的临床相关性尚不清楚。此外，运动和睡眠改善之间关联的其他可能解释通常没有得到控制（例如强光、其他健康行为）。本综述将重点关注这些流行病学研究。我们将回顾和批评关于运动和睡眠的代表性调查和流行病学研究，并讨论该领域未来研究的方向。