Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and associated liver diseases represent a major health care burden all over the world. The current standard of care, i.e. peginterferon-alfa (PEG-IFNα) plus ribavirin (RBV) are associated with frequent and sometimes serious adverse effects and contraindications, which further limit their therapeutic efficacy. The approval of first and second generation HCV protease inhibitors represents a major breakthrough in the development of novel direct acting antivirals (DAAs) against different HCV genotypes and establishes a new standard of care for chronically infected HCV genotypes 1 patients. Similarly, next generation protease inhibitors and HCV RNA polymerase inhibitors have shown better pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in terms of broader HCV genotypes coverage, better safety profile, fewer drug interactions and possible once daily administration than first generation direct acting antivirals. The testing of adenovirus-based vector vaccines, which escalates the innate and acquired immune responses against the most conserved regions of the HCV genome in chimpanzees and humans, may be a promising therapeutic approach against HCV infection in coming future. This review article presents up-to-date knowledge and recent developments in HCV therapeutics, insights the shortcomings of current HCV therapies and key lessons from the therapeutic potential of improved anti-HCV treatment strategies.

慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染和相关的肝病是全世界的主要医疗保健负担。当前的护理标准，即聚乙二醇干扰素-α（PEG-IFNα）加利巴韦林（RBV）与频繁且有时是严重的不良反应和禁忌症相关，这进一步限制了它们的治疗效果。第一代和第二代HCV蛋白酶抑制剂的批准代表了针对不同HCV基因型的新型直接作用抗病毒药（DAA）开发的重大突破，并为慢性感染HCV基因型1患者建立了新的护理标准。同样，新一代的蛋白酶抑制剂和HCV RNA聚合酶抑制剂在更广泛的HCV基因型覆盖范围，更好的安全性，与第一代直接作用抗病毒药相比，药物相互作用较少，并且每天给药一次的可能性较小。基于腺病毒的载体疫苗的测试可提高针对黑猩猩和人类中最保守的HCV基因组区域的先天和后天免疫应答，这可能是将来有望解决的HCV感染的治疗方法。这篇综述文章介绍了HCV治疗方法的最新知识和最新发展，洞悉了当前HCV治疗方法的缺点，并从改进的抗HCV治疗策略的治疗潜力中汲取了重要的经验教训。它将使针对黑猩猩和人类中最保守的HCV基因组区域的先天和后天免疫应答升级，这可能是在未来的将来针对HCV感染的一种有前途的治疗方法。这篇综述文章介绍了HCV治疗方法的最新知识和最新发展，洞悉了当前HCV治疗方法的缺点，并从改进的抗HCV治疗策略的治疗潜力中汲取了重要的经验教训。它将使针对黑猩猩和人类中最保守的HCV基因组区域的先天和后天免疫应答升级，这可能是在未来的将来针对HCV感染的一种有前途的治疗方法。这篇综述文章介绍了HCV治疗方法的最新知识和最新发展，洞悉了当前HCV治疗方法的缺点，并从改进的抗HCV治疗策略的治疗潜力中汲取了重要的经验教训。