Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium colonizing nares, skin, and the gastrointestinal tract, frequently invades the skin, soft tissues, and bloodstreams of humans. Even with surgical and antibiotic therapy, bloodstream infections are associated with significant mortality. The secretion of coagulases, proteins that associate with and activate the host hemostatic factor prothrombin, and the bacterial surface display of agglutinins, proteins that bind polymerized fibrin, are key virulence strategies for the pathogenesis of S. aureus bloodstream infections, which culminate in the establishment of abscess lesions. Pathogen-controlled processes, involving a wide spectrum of secreted factors, are responsible for the recruitment and destruction of immune cells, transforming abscess lesions into purulent exudate, with which staphylococci disseminate to produce new infectious lesions or to infect new hosts. Research on S. aureus bloodstream infections is a frontier for the characterization of protective vaccine antigens and the development of immune therapeutics aiming to prevent disease or improve outcomes.

中文翻译：

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金黄色葡萄球菌血液感染的发病机制。

金黄色葡萄球菌是定居于鼻孔，皮肤和胃肠道的革兰氏阳性细菌，经常侵袭人类的皮肤，软组织和血液。即使采用外科手术和抗生素治疗，血流感染也会导致相当大的死亡率。凝固酶的分泌，与宿主止血因子凝血酶原结合并激活其的蛋白质，以及凝集素的细菌表面展示（与聚合纤维蛋白结合的蛋白质）是金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染发病机理的关键毒力策略，最终形成该病。脓肿病变。病原体控制的过程涉及广泛的分泌因子，负责免疫细胞的募集和破坏，将脓肿病变转化为脓性渗出液，金黄色葡萄球菌可通过其传播产生新的传染性病灶或感染新的宿主。金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染的研究是表征保护性疫苗抗原和开发旨在预防疾病或改善转归的免疫疗法的前沿领域。