Bacterial and fungal infections are hallmarks of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. In the era of long-term inhaled antibiotics and increasing CF patient survival, new “emerging” pathogens are detected in CF airways, yet their pathophysiological disease relevance remains largely controversial and incompletely defined. As a response to chronic microbial triggers, innate immune cells, particularly neutrophils, are continuously recruited into CF airways where they combat pathogens but also cause tissue injury through release of oxidants and proteases. The coordinated interplay between host immune cell activation and pathogens is essential for the outcome of CF lung disease. Here, we provide a concise overview and update on host-pathogen interactions in CF lung disease.

中文翻译：

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囊性纤维化肺病中宿主-病原体相互作用的最新进展

细菌和真菌感染是囊性纤维化 (CF) 肺病的标志。在长期吸入抗生素和增加 CF 患者存活率的时代，在 CF 气道中检测到新的“新兴”病原体，但它们的病理生理疾病相关性仍然存在很大争议且未完全确定。作为对慢性微生物触发的反应，先天免疫细胞，特别是中性粒细胞，不断被招募到 CF 气道中，在那里它们与病原体作斗争，但也会通过释放氧化剂和蛋白酶引起组织损伤。宿主免疫细胞活化和病原体之间的协调相互作用对于 CF 肺病的结果至关重要。在这里，我们提供了关于 CF 肺病中宿主-病原体相互作用的简要概述和更新。