In recent years, monitoring the compliance of business processes with relevant regulations, constraints, and rules during runtime has evolved as major concern in literature and practice. Monitoring not only refers to continuously observing possible compliance violations, but also includes the ability to provide fine-grained feedback and to predict possible compliance violations in the future. The body of literature on business process compliance is large and approaches specifically addressing process monitoring are hard to identify. Moreover, proper means for the systematic comparison of these approaches are missing. Hence, it is unclear which approaches are suitable for particular scenarios. The goal of this paper is to define a framework for Compliance Monitoring Functionalities (CMF) that enables the systematic comparison of existing and new approaches for monitoring compliance rules over business processes during runtime. To define the scope of the framework, at first, related areas are identified and discussed. The CMFs are harvested based on a systematic literature review and five selected case studies. The appropriateness of the selection of CMFs is demonstrated in two ways: (a) a systematic comparison with pattern-based compliance approaches and (b) a classification of existing compliance monitoring approaches using the CMFs. Moreover, the application of the CMFs is showcased using three existing tools that are applied to two realistic data sets. Overall, the CMF framework provides powerful means to position existing and future compliance monitoring approaches.

近年来，在运行时监视业务流程是否符合相关法规，约束和规则已成为文献和实践中的主要关注点。监视不仅是指不断观察可能的合规违规行为，还包括提供细粒度的反馈并预测将来可能发生的合规违规行为的能力。有关业务流程合规性的文献很多，而且难以确定专门解决流程监视的方法。而且，缺少对这些方法进行系统比较的适当手段。因此，尚不清楚哪种方法适用于特定场景。本文的目的是为合规性监视功能（CMF）定义一个框架，该框架可以对运行时期间对业务流程中合规性规则进行监视的现有方法和新方法进行系统比较。为了定义框架的范围，首先要确定和讨论相关领域。基于系统的文献综述和五个选定的案例研究来收集CMF。选择CMF的适当性通过两种方式得到证明：（a）与基于模式的合规性方法进行系统比较，以及（b）使用CMF对现有合规性监测方法进行分类。此外，使用三个应用于两个实际数据集的现有工具展示了CMF的应用。全面的，