当前位置: X-MOL 学术Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Super DNAging-New insights into DNA integrity, genome stability and telomeres in the oldest old.
Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2015-11-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.08.001
Bernhard Franzke 1 , Oliver Neubauer 2 , Karl-Heinz Wagner 3
Affiliation  

Reductions in DNA integrity, genome stability, and telomere length are strongly associated with the aging process, age-related diseases as well as the age-related loss of muscle mass. However, in people reaching an age far beyond their statistical life expectancy the prevalence of diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes or dementia, is much lower compared to "averagely" aged humans. These inverse observations in nonagenarians (90-99 years), centenarians (100-109 years) and super-centenarians (110 years and older) require a closer look into dynamics underlying DNA damage within the oldest old of our society. Available data indicate improved DNA repair and antioxidant defense mechanisms in "super old" humans, which are comparable with much younger cohorts. Partly as a result of these enhanced endogenous repair and protective mechanisms, the oldest old humans appear to cope better with risk factors for DNA damage over their lifetime compared to subjects whose lifespan coincides with the statistical life expectancy. This model is supported by study results demonstrating superior chromosomal stability, telomere dynamics and DNA integrity in "successful agers". There is also compelling evidence suggesting that life-style related factors including regular physical activity, a well-balanced diet and minimized psycho-social stress can reduce DNA damage and improve chromosomal stability. The most conclusive picture that emerges from reviewing the literature is that reaching "super old" age appears to be primarily determined by hereditary/genetic factors, while a healthy lifestyle additionally contributes to achieving the individual maximum lifespan in humans. More research is required in this rapidly growing population of super old people. In particular, there is need for more comprehensive investigations including short- and long-term lifestyle interventions as well as investigations focusing on the mechanisms causing DNA damage, mutations, and telomere shortening.

中文翻译:

超级DNA化-对最古老的DNA完整性,基因组稳定性和端粒的新见解。

DNA完整性,基因组稳定性和端粒长度的减少与衰老过程,与年龄有关的疾病以及与年龄有关的肌肉质量减少密切相关。但是,在年龄远远超过其统计预期寿命的人中,与“平均”年龄的人相比,诸如癌症,心血管疾病,糖尿病或痴呆症等疾病的患病率要低得多。这些非观察者(90-99岁),百岁老人(100-109岁)和超级百岁老人(110岁及以上)的逆向观测需要仔细研究我们社会中最古老的DNA潜在的DNA损伤动力学。现有数据表明,“超老”人类的DNA修复和抗氧化防御机制得到了改善,这与年轻一代相当。部分由于这些内源性修复和保护机制的增强,与寿命与统计预期寿命相符的受试者相比,最老的老年人似乎在其一生中可以更好地应对DNA损伤的危险因素。该模型得到研究结果的支持,该研究结果表明“成功的老年人”具有出色的染色体稳定性,端粒动力学和DNA完整性。也有令人信服的证据表明,与生活方式有关的因素(包括规律的体育锻炼,均衡的饮食和最小的社会心理压力)可以减少DNA损伤并改善染色体稳定性。回顾文献得出的最确凿的结论是,达到“超老”年龄似乎主要由遗传/遗传因素决定,健康的生活方式还有助于实现个人的最大寿命。在这个快速增长的超老人口中,需要更多的研究。特别是,需要进行更全面的研究,包括短期和长期的生活方式干预,以及侧重于引起DNA损伤,突变和端粒缩短的机制的研究。
更新日期:2019-11-01
down
wechat
bug