Trochulus oreinos oreinos and T. oreinos scheerpeltzi are two land snail taxa endemic to the Northeastern Austrian Alps, which have been regarded as subspecies of the highly variable, widespread land snail T. hispidus. We analysed these three taxa morphologically and genetically to evaluate whether a delimitation between them is possible and, if so, to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Shell morphological results revealed high similarity between the two T. oreinos taxa, and that they are clearly separated from T. hispidus. Additionally, the T. oreinos subspecies concur with respect to their habitat preferences, as they are both restricted to rocky high alpine areas, whereas the local form of T. hispidus is distributed over a wider altitudinal range in moist areas and scrubby perennial herb vegetation near water bodies. While the morphological and ecological results allow clear differentiation between T. hispidus and T. oreinos only, analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes revealed high sequence divergences between all three taxa, which indicates that they represent old lineages. The two T. oreinos taxa appear as distantly related sister groups, well separated from T. hispidus. Whether T. o. oreinos and T. o. scheerpeltzi should be considered as species cannot be decided at the current state of knowledge.

中文翻译：

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阿尔卑斯山东北部 Trochulus oreinos (Wagner, 1915) 和 T. hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pulmonata: Hygromiidae) 的遗传分化和壳形态

Trochulus oreinos oreinos 和 T. oreinos scheerpeltzi 是奥地利阿尔卑斯山东北部特有的两个陆地蜗牛类群，它们被认为是高度可变、分布广泛的陆地蜗牛 T. hispidus 的亚种。我们从形态学和遗传学上分析了这三个分类群，以评估它们之间的界限是否可能，如果是，则解决它们的系统发育关系。贝壳形态学结果显示，两个 T. oreinos 分类群之间具有高度相似性，并且它们与 T. hispidus 明显分开。此外，T. oreinos 亚种在其栖息地偏好方面是一致的，因为它们都仅限于岩石高山地区，而 T. hispidus 的本地形式分布在潮湿地区的更广泛的海拔范围和附近的灌木多年生草本植被水体。虽然形态和生态学结果仅允许在 T. hispidus 和 T. oreinos 之间进行明确区分，但对线粒体细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 I 和 16S rRNA 基因的分析揭示了所有三个分类群之间的高度序列差异，这表明它们代表了古老的谱系。这两个 T. oreinos 分类群似乎是远亲的姐妹群，与 T. hispidus 很好地分开。要或不要。奥利诺斯和T. o. scheerpeltzi 应该被认为是在目前的知识状态下无法决定物种。oreinos 分类群作为远亲的姐妹群出现，与 T. hispidus 很好地分开。要或不要。奥利诺斯和T. o. scheerpeltzi 应该被认为是在目前的知识状态下无法决定物种。oreinos 分类群作为远亲的姐妹群出现，与 T. hispidus 很好地分开。要或不要。奥利诺斯和T. o. scheerpeltzi 应该被认为是在目前的知识状态下无法决定物种。