The same language symptom might arise at different functional loci in people with aphasia. Therefore, it is plausible that different therapeutic interventions should be adopted to approach the same difficulties in different patients. Although this point of view is still widely accepted, recently the focus has shifted from the functional locus of a rehabilitative intervention to the mechanisms of action underlying the relearning process. We maintain that both aspects should be taken into account when programming a rehabilitative intervention; furthermore, investigating relearning mechanisms might shed new light on the functional architecture of the disrupted processes. Here, we investigated, in a single case study, whether classical conditioning was a suitable relearning paradigm for targeting word‐finding difficulties in pure anomia, that is in a patient with an impairment in accessing intact output lexical representations from a spared semantic system. Using a word‐repetition task on picture presentation, we contrasted a condition in which the stimulus onset asynchrony between word and picture stimuli was well suited to produce classical conditioning with a condition in which repetition training could not benefit from this learning mechanism. Only classical conditioning training exerted a significant, long‐lasting effect on our patient's naming skill. Tentative implications of our results for the functional architecture of single‐word processing are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

探索经典条件，以加强纯正失语症中语义和词汇表示之间的联系：来自单个案例研究的初步发现。

失语症患者的不同功能位点可能出现相同的语言症状。因此，在不同患者中应对不同困难应采用不同的治疗干预措施是合理的。尽管这种观点仍被广泛接受，但近来的重点已从康复干预的功能领域转移到了再学习过程背后的作用机制上。我们认为，在制定康复干预措施时应同时考虑到这两个方面。此外，研究再学习机制可能会为中断过程的功能体系结构提供新的思路。在这里，我们在一个案例研究中研究了经典条件是否适合针对纯正性厌倦症中的单词查找困难进行重新学习的范式，这是在从备用语义系统访问完整输出词法表示有障碍的患者中。在图片呈现中使用单词重复任务，我们对比了单词和图片刺激之间的刺激发作异步性非常适合产生经典条件的情况，而重复训练不能从这种学习机制中受益。只有经典的调理训练才能对我们患者的命名技巧产生重大而持久的影响。讨论了我们的结果对单字处理的功能体系结构的初步含义。我们对比了一个条件，在该条件下，单词和图片刺激之间的刺激发作异步性非常适合于产生经典条件，而在这种条件下，重复训练无法从这种学习机制中受益。只有经典的调理训练才能对我们患者的命名技巧产生重大而持久的影响。讨论了我们的结果对单字处理的功能体系结构的初步含义。我们对比了一个条件，在该条件下，单词和图片刺激之间的刺激发作异步性非常适合于产生经典条件，而在这种条件下，重复训练无法从这种学习机制中受益。只有经典的调理训练才能对我们患者的命名技巧产生重大而持久的影响。讨论了我们的结果对单字处理的功能体系结构的初步含义。