In the past five years, a series of large-scale genetic studies have revealed novel risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Analyses of these risk factors have focused attention upon the role of immune processes in AD, specifically microglial function. In this review, we discuss interpretation of genetic studies. We then focus upon six genes implicated by AD genetics that impact microglial function: TREM2, CD33, CR1, ABCA7, SHIP1, and APOE. We review the literature regarding the biological functions of these six proteins and their putative role in AD pathogenesis. We then present a model for how these factors may interact to modulate microglial function in AD.

中文翻译：

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遗传学引起人们对阿尔茨海默氏病小胶质细胞炎症的关注。

在过去的五年中，一系列的大规模遗传研究揭示了阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）的新危险因素。这些危险因素的分析将注意力集中于免疫过程在AD中的作用，特别是小胶质细胞功能。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了遗传研究的解释。然后，我们集中于影响小胶质细胞功能的AD遗传学牵涉的六个基因：TREM2，CD33，CR1，ABCA7，SHIP1和APOE。我们回顾了有关这六个蛋白的生物学功能及其在AD发病机理中的假定作用的文献。然后，我们提出一个模型，说明这些因素如何相互作用以调节AD中的小胶质细胞功能。